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The Sixties in America Table of Contents Publisher's Note, vii Introduction, ix Contributors, xv Alphabetical List of Entries, xxi A Abernathy, Ralph, 1 Abortion, 2 Abzug, Bella, 4 Advertising, 6 Affirmative Action, 8 Agent Orange Controversy, 10 Agnew, Spiro T., 11 Agriculture, 12 Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), 15 Air-Conditioning, 15 Air Force Academy Cheating Scandal, 16 Air Pollution, 16 Alaska Earthquake, 19 Albee, Edward, 20 Alcatraz Island Occupation, 21 Alcindor, Lew (Kareem Abdul-Jabbar), 22 Ali, Muhammad (Cassius Clay), 23 Alice's Restaurant, 24 Allen, Woody, 26 Altamont Music Festival, 27 American Bandstand, 28 American Indian Civil Rights Act of, 1968, 29 American Indian Movement (AIM), 30 American Nazi Party, 31 Apollo, 1 Disaster, 32 Apollo Space Program, 33 Arbus, Diane, 36 Architecture, 37 Arms Race, 39 Art Movements, 41 Ashe, Arthur, 46 Assassinations of John and Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr., 47 Astrodome, Opening of, 51 Automobiles and Auto Manufacturing, 51 B Baby Boomers, 55 Baez, Joan, 57 Baker Resignation, 59 Baldwin, James, 60 Barbie and Ken Dolls, 61 Baseball, 61 Basketball, 63 Bay of Pigs Invasion, 64 Be-ins and Love-ins, 66 Beach Boys, The, 67 Beach Films, 68 Beat Generation, 70 Beatles, The, 73 Bell Jar, The, 75 Berlin Wall, 76 Bernstein, Leonard, 78 Berrigan, Daniel, and Philip Berrigan, 79 Biafran War, 81 Bilingual Education Act, 82 Birmingham March, 83 Birth Control, 85 Black Christian Nationalist Movement, 88 Black Liberation Front, 89 Black Like Me, 89 "Black Manifesto", 90 Black Panthers, 91 Black Power, 94 Black United Students, 95 Blow-up, 96 Bond, Julian, 97 Bonnie and Clyde, 98 Boston Five Trial, 100 Boston Strangler, 102 Boys in the Band, The, 103 Branch Banks, 104 Brautigan, Richard, 105 British Invasion, 106 Brooks, Gwendolyn, 107 Brown, H. Rap, 108 Brown, James, 109 Brown, Jim, 110 Brown Berets, 111 Bruce, Lenny, 111 Buckley, William F., Jr., 113 Burger, Warren, 114 Business and the Economy, 115 Busing, 120 Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, 123 C Camelot, 126 Cancer, 126 Career Girl Murders, 130 Carmichael, Stokely, 131 Carson, Rachel, 132 Castro, Fidel, 133 Catch-22, 135 Cat's Cradle, 136 Censorship, 137 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 140 Chamberlain, Wilt, 141 Chappaquiddick Scandal, 142 Charlie Brown, 144 Chávez, César, 145 Cheever, John, 146 Chessman, Caryl, 147 Chicago Riots, 149 Chicago Seven Trial, 149 Chicano Movement, 152 Chicano: Twenty-five Pieces of a Chicano Mind, 154 Chisholm, Shirley, 155 Church Bombings, 155 City of Night, 158 Civil Rights Act of, 1960, 159 Civil Rights Act of, 1964, 159 Civil Rights Act of, 1968, 161 Civil Rights Movement, 162 Cleaver, Eldridge, 167 Cold War, 168 Communes, 173 Communications, 174 Computers, 178 Conant Report, 181 Condon Report, 182 Concorde, 184 Confessions of Nat Turner, The, 185 Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), 185 Conservatism in Politics, 188 Cool Hand Luke, 190 Corporate Liberalism, 191 Counterculture, 192 Credit and Debt, 195 Crimes and Scandals, 198 Cronkite, Walter, 201 Cuban Missile Crisis, 202 Cults, 204 Cyclamates, 207 Czechoslovakia, Soviet Invasion of, 208 D Dances, Popular, 210 Davis, Angela, 211 Days of Rage, 212 Death of a President, The, 212 Death of Hippie, 213 Decency Rallies, 214 Democratic National Convention of, 1968, 215 Demographics of the United States, 218 Detroit Riot, 222 Didion, Joan, 223 DiMaggio, Joe, 224 Dirksen, Everett, 225 Do It! Scenarios of the Revolution, 225 Dr. Strangelove, 226 Dominican Republic, Invasion of, 227 Doors, 229 Draft Resisters, 230 Drug Culture, 232 Dylan, Bob, 235 E East Village, 238 Easy Rider, 238 Eat a Bowl of Tea, 239 Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, 240 Economy of Cities, The, 241 Ed Sullivan Show, The, 242 Education, 243 Eichmann, Adolf, 248 Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, The, 249 Engel v. Vitale, 250 Environmental Movement, 251 Ephron, Nora, 255 Equal Pay Act of, 1963, 255 Equal Rights Amendment, 256 Estes, Billie Sol, 257 Evers, Medgar, 259 F Faithfull, Marianne, 261 Fallout Shelters, 261 Farm Subsidies, 263 Farrow, Mia, 264 Fashions and Clothing, 266 Federal Aid to the Arts Bill, 268 Feminine Mystique, The, 269 Feminist Movement, 270 Ferlinghetti, Lawrence, 274 Film, 275 Fischer, Bobby, 280 Fitzpatrick Drug Death, 281 Flast v. Cohen, 281 Fleming, Peggy, 282 Flintstones, The, 283 Flower Children, 284 Folk Music, 285 Fonda, Jane, 287 Food Stamp Program, 288 Football, 289 Fortas, Abe, 291 Frazier, Joe, 292 Free Love, 293 Free Speech Movement, 294 Freedom Rides, 295 Freedom Summer, 297 Friedan, Betty, 298 G Gay Liberation Movement, 300 Gemini Space Program, 301 Genetics, 305 Genovese Murder, 308 Geodesic Domes, 310 Gideon v. Wainwright, 311 Gidget Films, 312 Ginsberg, Allen, 313 Giovanni, Nikki, 315 Goldwater, Barry, 315 Golf, 317 Graduate, The, 318 Grape Workers' Strike, 320 Grateful Dead, 321 Great Society Programs, 322 Greenwich Village, 325 Gregory, Dick, 326 Griffith-Paret Fight, 327 Griswold v. Connecticut, 328 Gross National Product (GNP), 328 Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, 329 Guevara, Che, 331 Gulf of Tonkin Incident, 332 H Haight-Ashbury, 334 Hair, 335 Hairstyles, 337 Hampton-Clark Deaths, 338 Hansberry, Lorraine, 339 Happenings, 340 Hard, Darlene, 341 Hare Krishnas, 341 Haynsworth, Clement, Jr., 342 Head Start, 343 Heart of Atlanta Motel v. the United States, 344 Heart Transplants, 345 Heiss, Carol, 346 Hell's Angels, 347 Hendrix, Jimi, 348 Hesse, Eva, 349 Higher Education Act, 350 Hippies, 351 Hitchcock Films, 352 Holmes, Hamilton, and Charlayne Hunter, 354 Hoover, J. Edgar, 356 House Made of Dawn, 357 Housing Laws, Federal, 358 Hughes, Howard, 361 Human Sexual Response, 362 Humphrey, Hubert, 363 Hurricane Betsy, 365 Hurricane Camille, 366 Hush . . . Hush Sweet Charlotte, 368 I I Am Curious--Yellow, 370 "I Have a Dream" Speech, 371 Immigration, 372 In Cold Blood, 375 In the Heat of the Night, 376 Indians, 377 Inflation, 378 International Trade, 380 Interracial Marriage Laws, 381 Interstate Highway System, 382 J Jackson, Jesse, 385 Jacobellis v. Ohio, 386 Jagger, Mick, 387 James Bond Films, 388 Japanese Imports, 390 Jefferson Airplane, 391 Jetsons, The, 393 Job Corps, 393 John Birch Society, 395 Johnson, Lyndon B., 396 Joplin, Janis, 398 K Katzenbach v. McClung, 400 Kennedy, Edward "Ted", 401 Kennedy, Jacqueline, 402 Kennedy, John F., 404 Kennedy, Robert F., 406 Kennedy-Nixon Debates, 407 Kerner Commission Report, 409 Khrushchev's UN Visit, 411 Kidney Transplants, 412 King, Billie Jean, 413 King, Coretta Scott, 414 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 415 Kissinger, Henry, 417 Koufax, Sandy, 418 Ku Klux Klan (KKK), 419 L Lasers, 422 League of Revolutionary Black Workers, 423 Leary, Timothy, 424 Liberalism in Politics, 425 Liberty Incident, 427 Lichtenstein, Roy, 428 Liston, Sonny, 429 Literature, 430 Lombardi, Vince, 434 Lord of the Rings, The, 435 LSD, 436 Lucky Come Hawaii, 437 M McCarthy, Eugene, 439 McGovern, George, 439 McKuen, Rod, 440 McLuhan, Marshall, 442 McNamara, Robert, 443 MAD Magazine, 444 Maddox, Lester, 445 Mailer, Norman, 446 Malcolm X, 447 Malone, Vivian, 448 Manson Murders, 450 Mantle, Mickey, 451 March Against Death, 451 March on Selma, 453 March on Washington, 454 Marijuana, 456 Mariner Space Program, 457 Maris, Roger, 459 Marriage, 460 Marshall, Thurgood, 463 Max, Peter, 464 Mays, Willie, 465 Media, 466 Medicare, 468 Medicine, 470 Medium Cool, 474 Memoirs v. Massachusetts, 475 Mercury Space Program, 476 Meredith, James H., 479 Merriam, Eve, 480 Metafiction, 481 Microwave Ovens, 482 Midnight Cowboy, 483 Mills, Billy, 484 Minimalism, 485 Miniskirts, 485 Minutemen, 486 Miranda v. Arizona, 486 Miss America Pageant of 1968, 488 Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), 489 Mitford, Jessica, 491 Mod, 492 Monkees, 492 Monroe, Marilyn, 493 Monterey Pop Festival, 495 Moon Landing, 496 Moratorium Day, 498 Motion Picture Association of America Rating System, 500 Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Act of 1965, 500 Motown, 501 Mountain of Gold, 503 Music, 503 Muskie, Edmund, 508 My Lai Incident, 509 N Nader, Ralph, 512 Naked Ape, The, 513 Namath, Joe, 514 Nation of Islam, 514 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 516 National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence, 518 National Indian Youth Council (NIYC), 518 National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam (MOBE), 519 National Organization for Women (NOW), 520 National States Rights Party, 521 Native American Fishing Rights, 522 New York Riots, 523 New York Times Company v. Sullivan, 524 New York World's Fair, 525 Newark Riot, 527 Newport Folk Festivals, 528 Nicklaus, Jack, 530 Nixon, Pat, 531 Nixon, Richard M., 531 Nobel Prizes, 533 Nuclear Reactors, 535 Nuclear Test Ban Treaties, 537 Nureyev Defection, 538 O Oakland Riots, 540 Oates, Joyce Carol, 541 Office of Minority Business Enterprise (OMBE), 542 Oh, Calcutta!, 542 O'Hair, Madalyn Murray, 543 Olympic Games of 1960, 544 Olympic Games of 1964, 551 Olympic Games of 1968, 553 One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest, 555 Ono, Yoko, 557 Op Art, 557 Organized Crime, 558 Oswald, Lee Harvey, 560 P Palmer, Arnold, 563 Paris Peace Talks, 564 Patterson, Floyd, 565 Peace Corps, 565 Pentagon, Levitating of the, 567 People's Park, Berkeley, 568 Percy Murder, 569 Photocopying, 570 Photography, 571 Piercy, Marge, 573 Pill, The, 574 Planet of the Apes, 575 Plum Plum Pickers, The, 576 Poetry, 577 Poor People's March, 578 Pop Art, 579 Pop Psychology, 581 Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 584 Power Failure of, 1965, 584 Prayer in Schools, 586 Presidential Election of 1960, 587 Presidential Election of 1964, 589 Presidential Election of 1968, 589 Presley, Elvis, 590 Price, Leontyne, 592 Prosperity and Poverty, 592 Protest Songs, 595 Pueblo Incident, 597 Pulsating Radio Waves, 598 Q Quant, Mary, 600 Quasars, Discovery of, 601 R Radio Free Europe, 603 Rawls, Betsy, 604 Reapportionment Revolution, 605 Religion and Spirituality, 607 Rock Operas, 611 Rockefeller, Nelson A., 612 Rolling Stones, 613 Rosemary's Baby, 615 Roth, Philip, 616 Route 66, 617 Rubinstein, Arthur, 618 Rudolph, Wilma, 619 Rusk, Dean, 620 Russell, Bill, 621 Ryun, Jim, 622 S San Francisco as Cultural Mecca, 624 Sanchez, Sonia, 625 SANE (National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy), 626 School Desegregation, 627 Schwerner, Goodman, and Chaney Deaths, 629 Science and Technology, 632 Scorpion Disappearance, 637 SCUM Manifesto, 639 Sealab, 639 Seattle World's Fair, 640 Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, 641 Sex and the Single Girl, 643 Sex-Change Operations, 643 Sexual Revolution, 645 Sheppard, Sam, 648 Silicone Injections, 650 Silko, Leslie Marmon, 650 Simon, Neil, 651 Simon and Garfunkel, 652 Sinatra Kidnapping, 654 Sit-ins, 655 Six-Day War, 656 Skyjackings, 657 Slaughterhouse-Five, 658 Smith, Margaret Chase, 659 Smith, Tommie, and John Carlos Protest, 660 Smoking and Tobacco, 662 Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, The, 663 Social Satires, 664 Sonny and Cher, 666 Sontag, Susan, 667 Sound of Music, The, 668 Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 669 Space Race, 671 Speck Murders, 674 Spock, Benjamin, 675 Sports, 677 Steinem, Gloria, 681 Steppenwolf, 682 Stonewall Inn Riots, 682 Stranger in a Strange Land, 684 Strawberry Statement, The, 684 Streisand, Barbra, 685 Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), 686 Student Rights Movement, 688 Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), 691 Summer of Love, 693 Super Bowl, 694 Supersonic Jets, 695 Supreme Court Decisions, 696 Supremes, 699 Surfing, 700 Susann, Jacqueline, 701 Switched-on Bach, 702 T Taylor, Elizabeth, 703 Teachers Strikes, 704 Teachings of Don Juan, The, 706 Teatro Campesino, El, 706 Telecommunications Satellites, 708 Television, 708 Tennis, 712 Terry, Megan, 713 Tet Offensive, 714 Texas Tower Murders, 716 Thalidomide, 718 Theater, 719 Theater of the Absurd, 721 Thompson, Hunter S., 722 Thomson, Virgil, 722 Thresher Disaster, 723 Tiny Tim, 723 To Kill a Mockingbird, 725 Tommy, 726 Tonight Show, The, 727 Travel, 727 Trieste Dive, 730 Trips Festival, 730 Triton Submarine, 731 Twiggy, 732 Twist, 732 2001: A Space Odyssey, 734 Tyler, Anne, 735 U U-2 Spy Plane Incident, 737 Underground Newspapers, 738 Unemployment, 740 Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs), 742 Unions and Collective Bargaining, 744 United Mexican American Students (UMAS), 747 Updike, John, 748 Urban Renewal, 748 V Vatican II, 751 VCRs, 752 Vietnam War, 753 Voting Rights Legislation, 758 W Wallace, George, 761 War on Poverty, 762 War Resisters League, 764 Warhol, Andy, 765 Warren, Earl, 766 Warren Report, 767 Washington, D.C., Riots, 769 Water Pollution, 769 Watts Riot, 771 Wauneka, Annie Dodge, 773 Way to Rainy Mountain, The, 774 Weather Satellites, 775 Weathermen, 776 Weight Watchers, 777 Welfare State, 778 What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?, 781 White Panthers, 782 Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, 783 Wild Bunch, The, 784 Wilderness Act of, 1964, 785 Wolfman Jack, 786 Women in the Workforce, 787 Women's Identity, 790 Woodstock Festival, 793 World Health Organization (WHO), 795 Wright, Mickey, 796 X Y Yippies, 797 Young, Andrew, 797 Young Americans for Freedom, 799 Young Lords, 800 Youth Culture and the Generation Gap, 801 Z Zappa, Frank, 805 Drama: Major Films, 807 Drama: Major Broadway Plays and Theatrical Awards, 815 Drama: Most-Watched U.S. Television Shows, 820 Legislation: Major U.S. Legislation, 822 Legislation: The U.S. Supreme Court, 830 Literature: U.S. Best-Sellers and Pulitzer Prize Winners, 837 Music: Popular Musicians, 840 Music: Top-Selling U.S. Recordings, 855 Science and Technology: Time Line, 860 Sports: Winners of Major Events, 873 Statistical Look at the United States, 878 Time Line, 883 Bibliography and Mediagraphy, 893 List of Entries by Category, XXIII Personage Index, XXXI Index, XXXVII |
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