Three Volumes 1,236 Pages 400 Essays 70 Sidebars/Tables Five Maps 250 Photographs Bibliography Keyword List of Contents Quotations from Primary Source    Documents Chronological List of Entries Geographical Index Category Index Personages Index Subject Index Articles Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire White Sox Players Conspire Thalidomide & Birth Defects French Sink Greenpeace Ship Faked Hitler Diaries Martha Stewart Convicted Deadly Pet Food from China Other Elements Table of Contents Subject Index Modern Scandals adds to the Salem History database. Purchasing it entitles a school or library to a free subscription to Salem History, including all the content in this set PLUS all the content in any of the other Great Events titles a library owns. Free through 12/31/2011. For more info, just click Salem History. For info call (800) 221-1592. For more information about the other Great Events from History sets, simply click here. If you need help with products and ordering, setting up a new account or working with this website, call or email us: Phone: (800) 221-1592 Email: csr@salempress.com

Editor: Carl L. Bankston III, Tulane University ISBN: 978-1-58765-468-8 List Price: $295 March 2009 · 3 volumes · 1,400 pages · 8"x10" Combines Print & Online Access Great Events from History: Modern Scandals Subject Index A. H. Robins Company, 459-462 Aaliyah, 1170 ABA. See American Bar Association Abe, Shinzo, 1145-1147 Aberdeen Proving Ground, 992 Abernathy, Ralph, 740 Abetz, Otto, 210 Abscam, 561-564 Abu Ghraib prison, 340, 421, 1034-1038 Academia. See Category Index under Cultural and intellectual history; Education Adams, Elmer Bragg, 4 Adams, Michael F., 968 Adams, Sherman, 320-322 Adelphia Communications, 971-973 Adenauer, Konrad, 349-352 Adjusted Compensation Payment Act of 1936, 159 Adomitis, Daniel J., 1078-1080 Africa. See Geographical Index Aga Khan III, 254 Ag©ar, Mehmet, 843 Agee, William, 580-582 Agnew, Spiro T., 455; resignation of vice presidency, 447-450, 454 Agrava Fact-Finding Commission, 602 Agusta scandal, 889-892 AHA. See American Historical Association Ahlers, Conrad, 349-352 AIG (American International Group), 1176 Air Canada scandal, 830-833 Air Force, U.S.; and Kelly Flinn, 855-858 Air Force Academy, U.S., 802, 855, 991-994, 1062-1064; sexual harassment, 993 Air Mail Act of 1930, 144-147 Air National Guard, 1044-1046 Airbus affair, 830-833 Airmail scandal, 144-147 Akagi, Norihiko, 1145 Albania, 846-849 Albert, Carl, 479 Albert, Laura, 424 Albert, Marv, 865-868 Alberta, Canada; Brownlee scandal, 176-178; sterilization law, 133-136 Alcatraz Island, 434 Alcorn, Meade, 320 Alder Hey inquiry, 927-930 Algeria, 212-214; Sand Wars, 374 Allard, Wayne, 991-994 Allen, Bob, 1153-1155 Allen, George, 989 Allen, Herbert, Jr., 509 Allen, Joseph C., 63 Allen, Woody, 773-775 Allende, Salvador, 482 Almonte, Danny, 942-944 Almonte, Felipe, 942 al-Qaeda, 1011 AMA. See American Medical Association Amazon measles epidemic, 910-912 Ambassador College, 525 Ambrose, Stephen E., 951-953, 959 American Anthropological Association, 911 American Bank and Trust Company, 637 American Bar Association, 769 American Christian College, 465-467 American Historical Association, 937, 952, 960 American Independent Party, 604 American Medical Association, 194 American Psychiatric Association, 506 American Psychological Association, 506 American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers, 333 Ancia, Véronique, 889 Andalusian Dog, An (film), 136-139, 147 Anderson, Jack, 175, 384 Anderson, Pamela, 1020 Andrews, Julie, 612-614 Angeli, Claude, 550 Angelus Temple, 115 Animal cruelty, 1158-1161 Annan, Kofi, 995-998, 1039-1041, 1053-1055 Anslinger, Harry J., 251 Antibiotics, 193, 438, 911 Anti-Doping Agency, U.S., 1165 Anti-Semitism, 44, 147-150, 603, 694, 705-708; at Air Force Academy, 1062; Austrian, 671; and Alfred Dreyfus, 19-22; and Errol Flynn, 560; French, 211, 235; and Mel Gibson, 1106-1109; and Jesse Jackson, 633-636; and Richard Nixon, 429; Russian, 309 Aquino, Benigno, Jr., 628-630 Aquino, Corazón, 628 Arafat, Yasser, 634 Arbuckle, Fatty, 79-82, 88, 100, 186 Archaeology, 292-295, 919-921 Archer, Jeffrey, 696-698 Archibald, Robert W., 46-48 Arena, Dominick James, 395 Argentina, 815-818 Arming America (Bellesiles), 985-988 Armitage, Richard, 1010-1013 Armory Modern Art Show, 49-52 Armstrong, Garner Ted, 525-528 Armstrong, Herbert W., 525-528 Armstrong, Lance, 1104 Armstrong, Robert, 645 Army, U.S.; military police, 1036 Arnold, Ervin, 70-72 Aronowitz, Stanley, 837 Art movements. See Category Index Artists’ Front to Win the War, 221 Arvizo, Gavin, 1025-1027 Asia. See Geographical Index Asquith, H. H., 43-46, 58-60 Association of American Painters and Sculptors, 49 Astor, Mary, 184-187 Atherton, Edwin, 191-193 Atherton Report, 191-193 Atkinson, Rick, 633 Atrocities and war crimes. See Category Index Attell, Abe, 67 Auberge Grand-Mère scandal, 898-901 Augstein, Rudolf, 349-352 Australasia. See Geographical Index Australia. See Geographical Index Australian Broadcasting Commission, 305 Austria, 197, 669-672 Autobiography of Malcolm X, The (Haley), 521 Automobile safety; Ford Pinto, 594-596; tires, 534-536 “Axis Sally,” 435 Aylwin, Patricio, 1121-1123 Babbitt, Bruce, 873 Bacanovic, Peter, 1031-1034 Bachelet, Michelle, 1121-1123 Backes, Ernest, 925-927 Bad Newz Kennels, 1158-1161 Baels, Lilian, 276-279 Bailey, Charles W., 175 Bailouts, 1175-1179 Baker, Bobby, 365-368 Baker, Scott, 861 Baker, Terence, 696 Bakker, Jim, 690-693 Bakker, Tammy Faye, 690-693 Balanchine, George, 528 Baldwin, Stanley, 187-190 Ball, Edward, 521 Ball, George L., 636 “Bananagate,” 471-473 Banco Ambrosiano, 606-609 Band of Brothers (television), 951 Bank fraud; and Adelphia Communications, 971-973; and Jake Butcher, 648-650; and Linda Jones Medlar, 873; and John Spano, 903 Bank of Albania, 846-849 Bank robbery, 450-453 Banking and finance. See Category Index Banque Oustric et Cie, 139-141 Barclay, Arthur, 142 Baring, Sir Evelyn, 298-301 Barker, Frank A., 401 Barker, Lex, 317 Barnes, Fred, 951 Barnett, Marilyn, 588-591 Barrett, David M., 872-874 Barron, Clarence, 63 Barrows, Sydney, 654-657 Barry, Joan, 220, 283 Barry, Marion, 748-750 Baseball; and drugs, 666-669; and gambling, 242-244, 556-558, 735-738; game fixing, 66-70, 118-121, 398-400; Steve Garvey, 574-577; Japanese, 398-400; Little League, 942-944; Major League Baseball Players Association, 1058; and steroids, 1058-1061, 1162 Basketball, 865; Kobe Bryant, 1008-1010; college, 274-276, 950, 968-970, 1142-1144; and gambling, 243, 1003, 1172-1175; game fixing, 274-276, 568-570; professional, 1008-1010, 1172-1175 Bates, Alfred, 181 Bates, Ruby, 150 Batista y Zaldívar, Fulgencio, 560 Batlogg, Bertram J. R., 980 Battista, James, 1173 Battle Hymn (film), 252 Baudouin I, 276-279 Bauman, Robert E., 577-579 Bayley, John, 852-854 BBC. See British Broadcasting Corporation Beall, George, 447-450 Bear Stearns, 1178 Beasley, Malcolm R., 980 Beasley Report, 981 Beatles, 494-497 Beaudoin, François, 898 Beck, Dave, 323-325 Bedaux, Charles, 196, 212-214 Bedaux, Fern, 212 “Begelgate,” 509-511 Begelman, David, 509-511 Belgium. See Geographical Index Belichick, Bill, 1161-1163 Bell, Alexander Graham, biography of, 879-881 Bell, Griffin, 636 Bellesiles, Michael A., 985-988 Belloc, Hilaire, 44 Belmont Park Raceway, 514-516 Beloved (Morrison), 521 Ben Barka, Mehdi, 374-376 Bendix Corporation, 580-582 Benedict XVI, 954 Bengzon, Cesar, 601 Bennett, Robert S., 803 Berezhnaya, Elena, 962-964 Berezovsky, Boris, 1132-1134 Bergman, Ingrid, 263-265 Bergman, Lowell, 833 Berisha, Sali, 846-849 Berlin Conference of 1884-1885, 31 Berlusconi, Silvio, 591, 1092-1094 Bern, Paul, 160-163 Bernanke, Ben, 1134-1138, 1175-1179 Bernardin, Joseph Louis, 597 Bernhard, Prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld, 482 Bernstein, Carl, 425-431 Berra, Dale, 666-669 Berry, Sidney B., 488-490 Berry, William, 514 Besen, Wayne, 913 “Bess mess,” 693-695 Betting Houses Act of 1853, 56 Bettman, Gary, 901-903 Biden, Joe, 698-701 “Billygate,” 573 Bingham, Barry, Sr., 60-62 Bingham, Mary Lily Kenan, 60-62 Bingham, Robert Worth, 60-62 Birmingham, Joseph, 954 Birth disorders, 135, 301-304, 434, 548 Bjelke-Petersen, Johannes, 682 Black, Eli M., 471-473 Black, Hugo L., 418 Black, Roy, 865 Black Mist scandal, 398-400 Black Sox scandal, 66-70, 120-121, 399-400, 556, 737, 1172 Blaesing, Elizabeth Ann, 124-127 Blair, Jayson, 888, 998-1001 Blair, Tony, 1089-1091 Blanco, Kathleen Babineaux, 1068-1072 Blaney, Neil, 413-415 Blix, Hans, 995-998 Blood, tainted, 868-871 Bluitgen, Kåre, 1075-1077 Bobbitt, John Wayne, 795-797 Bobbitt, Lorena, 795-797 Bodkin, Archibald, 12 Boesky, Ivan, 726-729, 753-756 Bokassa, Jean-Bédel, 550-552 Boland, Kevin, 413-415 Bolshevik revolution. See Russian Revolution “Bonus Army,” 156-160 Boone, Pat, 500-502 Borer, Thomas, 858 Bork, Robert, 680 Borman, Frank, 488 Borman Commission, 488-490 Boston; James Michael Curley, 6-9 Boston College, 1102; basketball scandal, 275, 568-570 Boston Globe, 936-938, 954-958, 998 Bouchard, Lucien, 892-895 Boudreaux, Lori, 1002-1004 Bowles, Andrew Parker, 745 Bowles, Camilla Parker, 745-747, 791 Bowman, Patricia, 759-762 Boxing, 52-55, 93; Tonya Harding, 814 Boyd, Gerald, 998-1001 Boyd, James, 384 Boyle, W. A., 404-406 Bradley, Anne, 22-25 Bradshaw, Berenice Jewett, 528-530 Bradshaw, Franklin James, 528-530 Brady, Matthew A., 79, 191-193 Brady, Roger, 1062 Brawley, Tawana, 702-705 Breen, Joseph, 163 Brennan, Christine, 814 Breton, André, 136, 147 Breton, Sonia Rojas, 942 Breuning, Stephen, 720-723 “Bribe menu” and Duke Cunningham, 1066 Bribery, 103, 569; Spiro T. Agnew, 447-450; Australian police, 681-683; “Bananagate,” 471-473; Belgian politicians, 889-892; Joseph R. Burton, 4-6; and campaign contributions, 1; T. Lamar Caudle, 279-282; Congress members, 562, 583, 1064-1067, 1147-1150; Randall Cunningham, 1064-1067; Budd Dwyer, 684-686; Albert Fall, 125; Abe Fortas, 391-394; Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, 550-552; Iraqi government, 1039; Japanese politicians, 715; William J. Jefferson, 1147-1150; “Koreagate,” 479-482; Lockheed Corporation, 482-485; Bess Myerson, 693-695; and payola, 333; John Poulson, 431-433; Eugene E. Schmitz, 28-30; Jesse W. Smith, 92-95; soccer players, 1056; and Teapot Dome scandal, 98; Harrison A. Williams, 562; Louis Wolfson, 390. See also Payola scandal; Point shaving in basketball Bricmont, Jean, 837 Bridgestone Firestone, 1078-1080 Briggs, John V., 507 Bright Tunes Music v. Harrisongs Music (1976), 495 British Broadcasting Corporation, 187, 532-533, 560 Brittan, Leon, 645-647 Britton, Nan, 124-127 Broadcast Music, Inc., 333 Broadway theater, 122-124, 246, 353, 386, 434 Brodhead, Richard H., 1086 Brominski, Bernard C., 397 Bronson, Charles, 642 Brooks, Louise Cromwell, 173 Brooks, Stephen K., 401 Brown, Arthur, 22-25 Brown, David D., IV, 1050-1052 Brown, Denise, 1129 Brown, Divine, 827-829 Brown, Michael D., 1068-1072 Brown, Ronald H., 873 Brown, Walter Folger, 144-147 Brown Bunny, The (film), 1004-1007 Brown v. Board of Education (1954), 208 Brownlee, John Edward, 176-178 Bruce, Robert V., 879 Bryan, William Jennings, 1 Bryant, Anita, 506-509 Bryant, Kobe, 1008-1010 Bryant, Vanessa, 1008 Brzak, Cynthia, 1039-1041 Bucak, Sedat, 843-845 Buckey, Peggy Ann, 624 Buckey, Peggy McMartin, 624 Buckey, Raymond, 624 Buckley, Sheila, 468-470 Buddhism; and self-immolation, 362-365; and Chögyam Trungpa, 474-476; in Vietnam, 362-365 Buena Vista oil reserves, 96 Buffalo Child Long Lance, 130-133 Buffalo ’66 (film), 1005 Bundesliga scandal of 2005, 1055-1058 Buñuel, Luis, 136-139, 147-150 Burden, William Douglas, 130-133 Bureau of Internal Revenue; and T. Lamar Caudle, 279-282; and Tom Pendergast, 200; and Irving Sachs, 311. See also Internal Revenue Service Burgaud, Fabrice, 922 Burke, James, 568-570 Burkett, Bill, 1044 Burns, William J., 28, 60 Burton, Joseph R., 4-6 Bush, George H. W., 208, 762, 787, 888; Iran-Contra, 678; and Clarence Thomas, 768-772 Bush, George W.; and Hurricane Katrina, 1068-1072; insider trading investigation, 762-765; and Iraq, 1011; and Trent Lott, 988-991; military service of, 1044-1046 Business. See Category Index Business Development Bank of Canada, 898 Butcher, Cecil H., Jr., 648-650 Butcher, Sir Herbert, 431 Butcher, Jake, 648-650 Butler, Carrie, 1022-1024 Butler, Smedley, 156 Butt, Sir Alfred, 181-184 Buttafuoco, Joey, 781-784 Buttafuoco, Mary Jo, 781-784 Butterfield, Alexander, 428 Butz, Earl L., 500-502 Buxton, Peter, 437 Byrnes, Jack, 274-276 Cabey, Darrell, 641 Cabon, Christine Huguette, 651 Cachet, 654 Caldwell, John, 176 Calhoun, John, 449 Calhoun, Rory, 295-298 Calley, William, 401-404 Calvi, Roberto, 591, 606-609 Cameron, Lucille, 52 “Camillagate,” 745-747 Campaign contributions, 1, 93, 388, 482, 1167; and bribery, 1; foreign, 481, 875; illegal, 286-288, 384-386; Richard Nixon, 454; Herman E. Talmadge, 553-555. See also Presidential campaigns Campbell, Helen, 248 Campbell, John, 974 Campbell, Judith, 329-332 Campbell, Walter, 193 Canada. See Geographical Index Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, 378, 660-662, 978 Canary Capital Partners, 1013-1016 Canseco, José, 1058-1061 Capasso, Carl, 693-695 Capital City Bank, 1073 Cardin, Lucien, 377-379 Carey, Hugh Leo, 546 Carmen, Leon, 852-854 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 259 Carroll, John, 1016 Carson, Clayborne, 739-741 Carson, Rachel, 547 Carter, Billy, 571-574 Carter, Jimmy, 546; and Billy Carter, 571-574; and “Koreagate,” 479-482; and Bert Lance, 511-514, 571; personal confessions, 497-500 Cartoons, 11, 140, 378, 498, 828, 1108, 1154; of Prophet Muhammad, 1075-1077 Cary, Walter E., 104 Casement, Roger, 31-33 Casey, Eamonn, 779-781 Casey, Robert P., 684 Casey, William J., 676 Cassone, Michelle, 759 Castle, Barbara, 298 Castro, Fidel, 331, 560 Catholic Church. See Roman Catholic Church Catholic Youth Organization of Brooklyn, 243 Çatli, Abdullah, 843-845 Cattier, Félicien, 33 Caudle, T. Lamar, 279-282, 310-313 CBC. See Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Ceaulescu, Nicolae, 742-745 Cecil, Robert, 142-144 Cedarbaum, Miriam Goldman, 1031 Cedel International, 925 Celler, Emanuel, 380 Censorship in film, 165 Central African Republic, 550 Central and South America. See Geographical Index Central Intelligence Agency, Korean, 479 Central Intelligence Agency, U.S., 376, 670, 1067; and Cuba, 426; and Guatemala, 471; Robert Hanssen, 931-933; Iran-Contra scandal, 676-681; and Iraq, 1010-1013, 1035; and Italy, 592; Valerie Plame, 1010-1013 Cerrini, Daniel, 815-818 Chagnon, Napoleon A., 910-912 Chamberlain, Neville, 182 Chambers, Whittaker, 259-262 Chandler, Happy, 242-244 Chandra, Ranjit Kumar, 977-979 Chaplin, Charles, 108, 283-285; paternity suit, 220-222 Chaplin, Oona O’Neill, 220, 283-285 Chappaquiddick incident, 367, 394-398 Charles, Count of Flanders, 277 Charles, Prince of Wales, 745-747, 789-792 Charles, Suzette, 638 Chautemps, Camille, 170-172 Chavis, Benjamin, 821-823 “Checkers” speech (Nixon), 286-288 Chemical waste in Love Canal, 548 Cheney, Dick, 1012 Cherkashin, Victor, 931 Cherkasky, Michael G., 1050 Cheshire, Maxine, 453 Chesterton, Cecil, 43-46 Chiapel, Tom, 638 Chiappe, Jean, 170-172 Chicago White Sox, 66-70, 399, 557, 737 Chien Andalou, Un (film), 136-139 Child abuse, 841; and Joan Crawford, 517-519; false allegations, 625; in France, 922-924; and Michael Jackson, 1025-1027; and Ernest Jones, 12-15; at McMartin Preschool, 624-627; and Rajneesh movement, 664; and Roman Catholic priests, 954-958. See also Pornography, child Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act of 1974, 625 Childers, Thomas, 951 Chile, 482, 1121-1123 Chiledeportes, 1121-1123 China; and Richard Nixon, 603; nuclear weapons, 373; pet food scandal, 1097 Chomsky, Noam, 1156 Choynski, Joe, 53 Chrétien, Jean, 898-901 Christensen, Hayden, 888 Christian Crusade, 465 Christian Gospel Mission, 939 Christy, Cuthbert, 142 Christy Commission, 142-144 Chung Un-chan, 1094-1097 Church, Frank, 482 Churchill, Ward, 1155-1158 CIA. See Central Intelligence Agency Cicotte, Eddie, 66-70 Ciller, Tansu, 843 Cinquanta, Ottavio, 962 Cisneros, Henry, 872-874 Citigroup, 1176 Citizen Kane (film), 165 Citizenship, 283, 377-379 Citizenship Education Fund, 896 Civil Liberties Act (1988), 208 Civil Rights Act of 1964, 989 Civil rights and liberties. See Category Index Civiletti, Benjamin, 571 Claes, Willy, 889-890 Clark, Dick, 332-335 Clark, Helen, 974-977, 1112-1114 Clark, Joe, 898-901 Clark, Taliaferro, 437-440 Clark, Thomas C., 279-282 Clearstream International, 925-927 Clements, Bill, 687-689 Clinton, Bill; and Henry Cisneros, 872-873; impeachment, 874-878, 988; and Jesse Jackson, 896; and Monica Lewinsky, 126, 820, 874-878, 896, 1168; Lewinsky affair confession, 876; pardons of, 452, 805; and Tuskegee Syphilis Study, 439; and Whitewater investigation, 818-821 Clinton, Hillary Rodham, 874, 904-905, 1114; and Eliot Spitzer, 1169; and Whitewater investigation, 818-821 Cloning, 1094-1097 CNET, 1116-1117 Coaches; baseball, 243, 400, 557; basketball, 968-970, 1172; football, 687-689, 948-950, 1002-1004, 1101-1103, 1161-1163; lacrosse, 1086-1089; track and field, 1165 Cobb, Ernie, 568 Cobb, Ty, 118-121 Cochran, Johnnie, 808 Cochran, W. E., 5 Cody, John Patrick, 597-599 Cody, Lew, 102 Cody, Richard, 1140 Coelho, Tony, 732 Coghlan, Monica, 696-698 Cold fusion, 723-726 Cold War; and film industry, 251; and Germany, 657-659; and McCarthyism, 266-270; and Soviet espionage, 259; and Vietnam, 258. See also Communism; Communist Party; Soviet Union Coleman, Milton, 633 Collingsworth, Terry, 1078-1080 Colonialism and imperialism. See Category Index Colosio, Luis Donaldo, 824-826 Comerica Bank, 902 Comiskey, Charles, 66-70 Commission on Care for America’s Returning Wounded Warriors, 1141 Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians, 207 Committee on Public Information, 307, 309 Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000, 1177 Common Cause, 731 Commonwealth v. Buckley (1909), 26 Communications Act of 1934, 329, 334, 336 Communications and media. See Category Index Communism; and Christian fundamentalism, 465; in Nicaragua, 676-681; in Romania, 742-745; Soviet, 167-169, 307-310; Vietnamese, 257-259, 362; “witch hunts,” 266-270. See also Cold War; KGB; Soviet Union Communist International, 106 Communist Party, 105-108; and Bonus Army, 158; and Charles Chaplin, 220, 284; and government infiltration, 259-262; and J. Edgar Hoover, 220; Italian, 591; outlawing of, 259; and “Scottsboro Boys,” 152. See also Cold War Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, 549, 615-617 Concepcion, Roberto, 601 Condit, Gary, 933-936 Confidential magazine, 295-298 Congo Free State, 31-33 Congo Reform Association, 32-33 Congress, U.S.; Robert E. Bauman, 577-579; Black Caucus, 1148; Joseph R. Burton, 4-6; and Bill Clinton, 874-878, 988; Randall Cunningham, 1064-1067; Thomas J. Dodd, 384-386; Mark Foley, 1118-1120; Wayne L. Hays, 491-493; William J. Jefferson, 1147-1150; and “Koreagate,” 479-482; Trent Lott, 988-991; Wilbur D. Mills, 462-465; and Navy, 70-72; page sex scandal, 621-624; and payola, 332-335; Post Office scandal, 803-806; Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., 380-383; Dan Rostenkowski, 803-806; Edward Schrock, 1041-1044; Special Committee to Investigate Organized Crime in Interstate Commerce, 270-273; steroid investigation, 1058-1061; and Herman E. Talmadge, 553-555; J. Parnell Thomas, 248-250; David Vitter, 1150-1153; Jim Wright, 730-732. See also House Committee on Government Reform; House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct; House Committee on Un-American Activities Congress of Vienna, 277 Connelly, Matthew J., 281, 310-313 Connolly, Cyril, 136 Conrad, Joseph, 32 Constable, Anne, 465 Conte, Victor, 1164-1166 Contergan (drug), 301 Continental Enterprise, 389-391 Contraceptive, 459-462 Cooke, Janet, 585-588 Coolidge, Calvin, 104, 200; and Teapot Dome scandal, 95-99 Cools, André, 889-892 Cooper, Isabel, 173-175 Copp, Harley, 594 Cornell, Julien, 236 “Corngate,” 974-977 “Correcting the Record: Times Reporter Who Resigned Leaves Long Trail of Deception” (May 11, 2003), 1000 Corruption. See Category Index Cortelyou, George B., 1 Cosby, Bill, 703 Cosgrave, Liam, 413 Costa Rica, 473 Coughlin, Paula, 785 Countess from Hong Kong, A (film), 285 Countrywide Financial Corporation, 1134-1138, 1176 Courlander, Harold, 520-522, 525-528 Cox, Archibald, 428 Cox, Tricia Nixon, 453 Crader, Bo, 959 Cramer, Clayton E., 985 Crane, Cheryl, 317-319 Crane, Daniel, 621-624 Crane, Stephen, 317 Crane, Stephen G., 641 Crawford, Christina, 517-519 Crawford, Joan, 517-519 Creation Science Evangelism, 1123-1126 Creighton, Joanne V., 936-938 Cremation, Georgia state law, 966 Crematories, 964-967 Crime and Misconduct Commission, 682 Crime of the Congo, The (Doyle), 33 Criminal Justice Commission, 682 Cuba, 4, 331, 374; and Central Intelligence Agency, 426; and Errol Flynn, 560; Guantanamo Bay, 1035, 1038 Cultural and intellectual history. See Category Index Cunningham, Mary, 580-582 Cunningham, Randall, 1064-1067 Curie, Marie, 37-39 Curley, James Michael, 6-9 Curley, Thomas, 6 Curnin, Tom, 636-638 Currie, Edwina, 983-985 Curzon, George Nathaniel, 25 Cushing, Richard, 397 Customs Act of 1901, 305 Cycling, 1103-1106 Czechoslovakia, 163-166 Dacko, David, 550 Daily Star, 696-698 Dalí, Salvador, 136-139, 147-150 Dalkon Shield, 459-462 Dalton, John H., 800 Daly, Augustin, 34 Daniélou, Alain, 456-459 Daniélou, Jean, 456-459 Daniels, Josephus, 70 Darden, Christopher, 808 Dardenne, Sabine, 840 D.A.R.E. See Drug Abuse Resistance Education Dassault, Serge, 889-892 Daugherty, Harry M., 92-95 Davenport, Dorothy, 86-89 Davies, Arthur B., 49-52 Davies, Marion, 108-111 Davis, Gray, 1017 Davis, Hugh J., 459-462 Davis, John W., 46 Davis, Oscar, 313 Davis, Peter, 1112-1114 Dawson, Charles, 292 Day, Laraine, 242 Deakin, George, 531 Dean, John W., 425-431, 500-502 Death Row Records, 884 Death Wish (film), 642 DeBartolo, Edward J., Jr., 907-909 Defense Base Realignment and Closure Commission, 1141 Defense Information Systems Agency, 1066 DeFreeze, Donald, 450 DeLauro, Rosa L., 1097-1100 Delay, Myriam, 922-924 Delay, Thierry, 922-924 Delhez, Laetitia, 840 Delmont, Margaret Maude, 79 De Lorean, John, 609-612 Delpey, Roger, 550 Delplanque, David, 922 Denmark, 289-291, 1075-1077 Dennis, Hugh C., 5 Department of Agriculture, 96 Department of Commerce and Labor, U.S., 1 Department of Defense, U.S.; sexual harassment, 993 Department of the Interior, U.S., 96 Department of Trade and Industry (U.K.), 754 Deputy, The (play), 353-355 Derrida, Jacques, 705 Deutsche Börse Clearing, 925 DeWitt, John L., 205 DeWolf, L. Harold, 739 Diana, Princess of Wales, 745-747, 789-792, 861-865 “Dianagate,” 789-792 Diaries; Jeffrey Archer, 697; Mary Astor, 184-187; John Earl Brownlee, 177; Edwina Currie, 983; Alfred Dreyfus, 21; Elinor Glyn, 25; Adolf Hitler, 618-621; Rita Jenrette, 582-585; Claudine Longet, 486; John Prescott, 1089-1091 “Diary of a Mad Congresswife” (Jenrette), 582-585 Dickie, Phil, 681 Diefenbaker, John G., 377-379 Dies, Martin, 248 Dies Committee, 248 DiFederico, Mario A., 534 Dines, Courtland S., 100-102 Dingell, John, 615-617 Dinis, Edmund S., 395 DiStefano, Phil, 1155 Distillers Company, 750-753 Dobson, James, 913 Dockweiler, John F., 202 Doctorow, E. L., 18 Dodd, Thomas J., 384-386 Doerfer, John C., 335-337 Dogfighting, 1158-1161 Doheny, Laurence E., 95-99 Dole, Bob, 1141 Dominican Republic, 366, 942-944 Donaghy, Tim, 1172-1175 Donaldson, Liam, 927 Doren, Charles Van, 326-329 Douglas, William O., 382 Dowd, John M., 735 Downey Savings and Loan, 1177 Doyle, Arthur Conan, 33 Dracula (novel), 111-114 Drag, The (play), 122-124 Dresnick, Ronald, 765 Dreyfus, Alfred, 19-22 Drug Abuse Resistance Education, 888 Drugs; and birth disorders, 301. See also Category Index Du Bois, W. E. B., 142 Duhaime, Yvon, 898-901 Dukakis, Michael, 698-701 Dunaway, Faye, 518 Duncan, Isadora, 34-36 Dunleavy, Richard M., 784 Dunn, John, 341 Dunn, Patricia, 1114-1118 Duplessis, Maurice, 892-895 Duplessis orphans, 892-895 Dupré, Ashley Alexandra, 1167-1170 Duranty, Walter, 167-169 Durbin, Richard J., 1097-1100 Durocher, Leo, 242-244 Dutroux, Marc, 840-842 Dwyer, Budd, 684-686 E. F. Hutton, 636-638 Eagleton, Thomas F., 440-443 Ebbers, Bernard, 764, 909, 1074 Ebert, Roger, 1004-1007 Eckardt, Shawn, 812 Economic bailouts, 1175-1179 Education. See Category Index Edward II, 1107 Edward VIII. See Windsor, Duke of Edwards, Blake, 612-614 Edwards, Edwin, 907-909 EEOC. See Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Egypt, 861-865 Eisenhower, Dwight D.; and Sherman Adams, 320-322; and John Doerfer, 336; film censorship, 252; and Joseph McCarthy, 266-270; and Richard Nixon, 286-288 Eisenhower, Julie Nixon, 453 Eisenstein, Serge, 149 Eisler, Hanns, 284 Eizenstat, Stuart, 858 El Salvador, 473 Elixir sulfanilamide, 193-195 Elk Hills oil reserve, 95-99 Elliott, Brian Robinson, 223 Ellis, Joseph J., 936-938 Ellsberg, Daniel, 416-419 Elsner, Edward, 122 Éluard, Paul, 148 Emory University, 985-988 Emperors Club, 1167-1170 Endo, Mitsuye, 205 England. See Geographical Index Enright, Dan, 326-329 Enrile, Juan Ponce, 629 Enron Corporation, 599, 764, 945-948 Environmental issues. See Category Index Environmental Protection Agency, 547, 615-617, 964 “Environmental racism,” 822 EPA. See Environmental Protection Agency Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 769 Erasmus Commission, 545 Erben, Hermann F., 559 Erbitux, 1031 Ericta, Vicente, 600 Ern Malley hoax, 223-225 Errichetti, Angelo, 561-564 Esenin, Sergei, 36 Espionage. See Category Index Espy, Mike, 873 Estes, Billie Sol, 341-343 Estevez, Emilio, 718 Estrich, Susan, 1017 Ethics. See Category Index Eugenics, 20, 133-136 Eulenburg-Hertefeld, Philipp, Prince of, 9-12 Europe. See Geographical Index European Convention on Human Rights, 891 European Court of Human Rights, 755 Eustachy, Larry, 950 Evangelists; at Air Force Academy, 1062-1064; Herbert W. Armstrong, 525-528; Jim Bakker, 690-693; Ted Haggard, 1126-1129; Billy James Hargis, 465-467; Kent Hovind, 1123-1126; Aimee Semple McPherson, 115-118; Peter Popoff, 673-675; Jimmy Swaggart, 711-714 Evans, David, 1086 Evers-Williams, Myrlie, 823 Exclusion, U.S. Supreme Court on, 382 Exner, Dan, 331 Exner, Judith. See Campbell, Judith Exodus International, 913-915 “Expanded Guidance for Subprime Lending Programs” (2001), 1136 Experiments; cold fusion, 723-726; faked, 980, 1094-1097; medical, 134, 437-440, 894; pharmaceutical, 216; psychological, 338-340, 370, 420-422 Expulsion,  U.S. Supreme Court on, 382 Exstase (film), 163-166 Ezoe, Hiromasa, 714-717 Faber, Katelyn, 1008-1010 Fabulist, The (film), 888 Factory Investigating Commission, New York, 40-43 Fahd, 453 Fairfoul, Tom, 55 Faisal, 453 Faith healing, 673-675 Fall, Albert B., 95-99, 125 Falwell, Jerry, 506-509, 690, 709 Families and children. See Category Index Family Protection Act of 1977, 578 Faneuil, Douglas, 1031-1034 Fannie Mae, 1175 Fard, Wallace Dodd, 359 Farian, Frank, 756 Farmer, Frances, 214-217 Farmer, Lillian Van Ornum, 214 Farrakhan, Louis, 361, 633, 635 Farrow, Mia, 773-775 Fastow, Andrew, 909 Fayed, Dodi al-, 861-865 Fayed, Mohamed al-, 861 FBI. See Federal Bureau of Investigation FCC. See Federal Communication Commission Federal Bureau of Investigation, 30, 191, 368; and Abscam, 561-564; and Charles Chaplin, 220-222, 283-285; and John De Lorean, 609-612; and Billie Sol Estes, 342; and financial markets collapse of 2008, 1178; and Alger Hiss, 260; and Walter Jenkins, 372; and John F. Kennedy, 329-332; and Elijah Muhammad, 360; and Ezra Pound, 237; and Watergate, 371-374 Federal Bureau of Prisons, 933 Federal Communication Commission, 334-337 Federal Corrupt Practices Act of 1910, 3 Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, 3 Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1068-1072 Federal Housing Administration, 1137 Federal Reserve, U.S., 1136, 1176 Fédération Internationale de Football Association, 816, 1056 Feleppa, Anselmo, 881 Felt, W. Mark, 425 FEMA. See Federal Emergency Management Agency Fenjves, Pablo F., 1129-1131 Fennell, Jim, 948 Fernando, Enrique, 600 Fernando Pó, 142 FHA. See Federal Housing Administration Fields, William J., 104 FIFA. See Fédération Internationale de Football Association Fifth Estate, The (magazine), 660-662 Figure skating, 812-815, 962-964 Figure Skating Association, U.S., 812 Film. See Category Index Film production code, 165 Financial industry, collapse of, 1175-1179 Finnerty, Collin, 1086 Fiorentina soccer club, 1092 Fiorina, Carly, 1115 Firestone, 534-536; and Liberia, 143, 1078-1080 First Amendment, and Watergate, 418 FISA. See Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Fischer, Bobby, 525 Fish, Stanley, 838 Fisher, Amy, 781-784 Fiske, Robert B., 818 Fitch, 1176 Fitzgerald, Patrick, 1011 Fitzgerald, Tony, 681 Fitzgerald inquiry, 681-683 Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys: An American Saga, The (Goodwin), 959-961 Fitzsimmons, Jeanette, 974 Flanders, 276-279 Fleet Bank, 902-903 Fleischmann, Martin, 723-726 Flinn, Kelly, 855-858 Flynn, Errol, 202-205, 559-561 Flynn, Maurice, 280 Focus on the Family, 913-915 Fogel, Moshe, 860 Foggo, Kyle Dustin, 1064 Foley, Mark, 1118-1120 Fomon, Robert M., 636-638 Fonda, Jane, 434-436 Food and Drug Act of 1906, 193 Food and Drug Administration, U.S.; and elixir scandal, 194; and thalidomide, 301-304 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938, 195, 303; amendment of, 461 Football, 807; college, 687-689, 801, 948-950, 969, 1002-1004, 1062, 1101-1103; and gambling, 243, 1174; professional, 1158-1163 Football, Association. See Soccer Forbes, Charles R., 89-92 Ford, Betty, 454 Ford, Frederick W., 337 Ford, Gerald R., 449, 497-498; and Earl Butz, 500-502; pardon of Dave Beck, 324; pardon of Richard Nixon, 429, 455, 499; and Nelson Rockefeller, 537; and Watergate, 429, 455 Ford, Harold E., Sr., 649 Ford, Harrison, 524 Ford, Robin, 251-253 Ford Foundation, 822 Ford Motor Company, 535, 594-596, 694 Ford Pinto, 594-596 Foreign Gifts and Decorations Act of 1881, 453 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978, 997 Forest Service, U.S., 96 Forgery. See Category Index Forlani, Arnaldo, 591-593 Fortas, Abe, 367, 371, 389-394 Foursquare Gospel Church, 115 Fowler, Tillie, 991-994 Fox Television, 1020, 1129 Foxe, Fanne, 462-465 France. See Geographical Index France, Anatole, 33 Francis, Ted, 696-698 Franke, Karl Heinz, 503-505 Fraser, Donald M., 479 Fraser, John, 660-662 Fraud Discovery Institute, 709 Freddie Mac, 1175 Freed, Alan, 332-335 Freedman, Albert, 326-329 Freedom of Information Act of 1966, 283, 429, 559, 764 Freeh, Louis, 931 Freeman, Helene, 638 French, John, 58-60 French restaurants, and city corruption, 29 Freud, Sigmund, 13, 74, 137 Frey, James, 424 Frist, Bill, 988-989 Frohnmayer, David, 662 Fualaau, Vili, 605, 849-852 Fujimura, Shinichi, 919-921 Furesz, John, 868 Gabel, Hortense W., 693-695 Gailey, Samantha, 522-524 Gaines, James R., 810 Gaines, Kevin, 884-886 Galbraith, T. G. D., 347 Galeen, Henrik, 111 Gallagher, Willie, 182 Gallo, Vincent, 1004-1007 Galman, Rolando, 628 Gambling. See Category Index Game shows, 326-329 Gandil, Chick, 66-70 Garabedian, Mitchell, 954 García Lorca, Federico, 136 Gardner, Deborah, 476-478 Gargan, Joseph F., 394 Garner Ted Armstrong Evangelistic Association, 527 Garrett, H. Lawrence, III, 784-788 Garvey, Cyndy, 574-577 Garvey, Steve, 574-577 Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., 521 Gates, Robert, 1138 Gaulle, Charles de, 209, 232 Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation, 590 Geishas, 483, 733-735, 1146 Geller, Uri, 674 Gelli, Licio, 591 Gender reassignment. See Transsexualism General Allotment Act of 1887, 1157 General Motors, 535, 1143 Generals’ affair, 257-259 Genesee County Bank, 637 Genetic engineering, 974-977, 1094-1097 Genovese, Kitty, 369-371 Geoghan, John, 954-958 George, Mary, 476 George V, 84 George VI, 187 Georgia Institute of Technology, 724 Gerard, Mark, 514-516 Gerbert, Elkin B., 389 Germany. See Geographical Index Getty, J. Paul, 220 Giamatti, A. Bartlett, 735-738 Giancana, Sam, 330 Gibbs, David Charles, 1123 Gibbs, Lois, 546-550 Gibson, Mel, 1106-1109 Giesler, Jerry, 202-205 Gilbey, James, 789-792 Gillars, Mildred, 435 Gillooly, Jeff, 812 Gingrich, Newt, 731, 989 Giraudo, Antonio, 1092-1094 Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry, 550-552 Giuliani, Donna Hanover, 904 Giuliani, Judith Nathan, 904-906 Giuliani, Rudy, 726, 904-906 GLAAD. See Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation Glass, Stephen, 887-889 Glassford, Pelham D., 158 Glyn, Elinor, 25-27 Goebbels, Josef, 197, 231 Goerlitzer, Artur, 197 Goetz, Bernhard, 641-644 Golden Age, The (film), 147 Goldfine, Bernard, 320-322 Goldman, Fred, 1129 Goldman, Judy, 765-768 Goldman, Larry, 765 Goldman, Ronald, 806-809 Goldman Sachs, 1176 Goldwater, Barry, 371, 386 Golitsin, Anatoli, 347 Gone with the Wind (Mitchell), 521 Good Government Association, 8 Goodell, Roger, 1160-1163 Goodpaster, Andrew J., 488 Goodwin, Doris Kearns, 959-961 Goossens, Eugène, 304-306 Gore, Al, 988 Göring, Hermann, 196-197 Gorman, Marvin, 711-714 Gorsuch, Anne, 615-617 Government. See Category Index Government in the Sunshine Act of 1976, 429 Graef, Ortwin de, 705 Graham, Philip, 270 Grammy Awards, 756-758 Grant, Hugh, 827-829 Grass, Günter, 1109-1112 Grau, Albin, 111 Gravel, Mike, 416 Gray, Fred, 437 Gray, L. Patrick, III, 428 Gray, Lily, 594-596 Graziano, Rocky, 243 Great Dictator, The (film), 284 Greeley, Andrew M., 597-599 Greenberg, Jeffrey W., 1050-1052 Greenpeace, 651-654 Gregory, Wilton D., 954 Grenon, Aurelie, 922 Grey Wolves, 843-845 Grimshaw, Richard, 594-596 Grimshaw v. Ford Motor Co. (1981), 594-596 Gronen, Jimmy, 444-446 “Gropegate,” 1016-1019 Grozier, Richard, 63 Gruenberger, Peter, 509 Grünenthal, 301 Guagenti, Peter, 781 Guantanamo Bay, 1035, 1038 Guccione, Bob, 638-641 Guest, Frederick, 83-86 Guinness Four, 753-756 Gun, Katharine, 995-998 Gundlach, James, 1101-1103 Gymnastics, 916-918, 963 Hager, Nicky, 974-977 Haggard, Ted, 1126-1129 Hahn, Jessica, 690 Haig, Alexander, 416 Haile Selassie, 454 Halberstam, David, 362 Haley, Alex, 520-522 Hall, Camilla, 450 Hamburger, Christian, 289-291 Hamilton, David F., 1078-1080 Hammerman, I. H., 447 Hamsun, Knut, 229-232 Hamsun, Marie, 229 Han Hak-soo, 1094 Hanna, Richard T., 479 Hanover, Donna, 904 Hansen, Betty, 202-205 Hanssen, Robert, 931-933 “Happy Birthday” (song), 344-346 Harden, Maximilian, 9-12 Harding, Florence, 89 Harding, Tonya, 812-815 Harding, Warren G., 89-95, 124-127, 200; and Teapot Dome scandal, 91, 95-99, 125 Hardy, Carlos S., 117 Hargis, Billy James, 465-467 Harlow, Jean, 160-163 Harper, Samuel N., 307 Harrick, Jim, Jr., 968-970 Harrick, Jim, Sr., 950, 968-970 Harrick exam, 969 Harriman, E. H., 2 Harrington, Margaret, 217-219 Harris, Jean, 565-567 Harris, Maxwell Henley, 223-225 Harris, Oren, 332-335 Harrison, George, 494-497 Harrison, Rex, 245-247 Hartery, Don, 765 Harvey, Francis J., 1138 Harvey, Marilyn, 977 Hasner, Adam, 1154 Hassan II, 374 Hastert, Dennis, 1118 Haughey, Charles James, 413-415 Hayden, Tom, 434 Hays, Wayne L., 491-493 Hays, William H., 86 Hayter, William, 347 Hayworth, Rita, 254-256 Hazardous and Solid Waste Act of 1984, 617 Health Management Associates scandal, 868-871 Hearst, Patricia, 450-453 Hearst, William Randolph, 74, 81, 108-111, 450 Heart of Darkness (Conrad), 32 Heidemann, Gerd, 618-621 Heimann, John G., 511 Hellenbroich, Heribert, 657 Heller, Jean, 437-440 Helmsley, Harry, 776 Helmsley, Leona, 776-778 Hempel, Régis, 925 Henderson, Ian, 298 Henderson, Paul, 1097-1100 Heritage USA, 690 Herman, Alexis M., 873 Herman, Pee-wee (Paul Reubens), 765-768, 829 Hernandez, Macarena, 998-1001 Herrera, Ameurfina Melencio, 600 Herrschaft, Daryl, 913 Hersh, Seymour, 401 Hervey, Ramon, II, 638 Heseltine, Michael, 645-647 Hess, Dean E., 252 Hess, Rudolph, 197 Hetrick, William Morgan, 610 Hewlett-Packard Corporation, 1114-1118 Higham, Charles, 559-561 Hilfswerk für Behinderte Kinder, 302 Hill, Anita, 768-772 Hill, Henry, 568-570 Hilton, Paris, 1019-1021 Hindemith, Paul, 76-79 Hirabayashi, Gordon Kiyoshi, 205 Hirabayashi v. United States (1943), 206 Hirschfield, Alan, 509-511 Hiss, Alger, 259-262; and J. Edgar Hoover, 261 Hitler, Adolf, 213, 230, 352, 503; and Charles Chaplin, 284; faked diaries, 618-621; film censorship, 164; and Errol Flynn, 560; and France, 210; and Knut Hamsun, 231; and Norway, 226-229; purges, 11; and the Windsors, 189, 196-198 Hitler Youth, 1109 Ho Chi Minh, 257 Hoaxes, frauds, and charlatanism. See Category Index Hobbs, Marian, 974 Hochhuth, Rolf, 353-355 Hodge, Sir Rowland, 83 Hoffman, James, 609 Hoffman, Martin R., 488 Hogan, Frank, 274-276 Hola massacre, 298-301 Holland, Al, 667 Hollywood. See Category Index; Los Angeles “Hollywoodgate,” 509-511 Holmes, David, 531 Holocaust, 235, 340, 1109; and Adolf Hitler, 619; and Jesse Jackson, 634; and Pius XII, 353-355; and Swiss banks, 858-861 Homosexuality; and Julie Andrews, 612-614; anonymous sex, 408; and Anita Bryant, 506-509; and Blake Edwards, 612-614; Emperor William II, 9-12; Philipp Eulenburg, 11; in opera, 1084-1086; “outing,” 1041-1044, 1112-1114; and palimony, 588-591; research on, 407-409; U.S. Navy, 70-72; John Vassall, 347-349; James E. West, 1081-1083 Honduras, 471-473 Honor code, U.S. Naval Academy, 801 Hons, Emile, 476 Hooker Chemical, 546-550 Hoover, Herbert, 94, 99, 144; and Bonus Army, 156-160 Hoover, J. Edgar; and Charles Chaplin, 220-222, 283-285; and domestic communism, 261; and John F. Kennedy, 329-332; and Profumo affair, 357 Horrigan, Aldine, 798 Horse racing, 200, 390, 557, 736; fraud, 514-516 Hotchner, A. E., 524 House Committee on Government Reform, 1012 House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, 492, 731 House Committee on Un-American Activities, 222; and Charles Chaplin, 284; and Alger Hiss, 259-262; and Thomas J. Parnell, 248-250 House of Representatives, U.S. See Congress, U.S. House Un-American Activities Committee. See House Committee on Un-American Activities Housing and Urban Development, U.S. Department of, 872-874 Hovind, Eric, 1123 Hovind, Jo Delia, 1123 Hovind, Kent, 1123-1126 Howard, J. Daniel, 785 Hoyzer, Robert, 1055-1058 HUAC. See House Committee on Un-American Activities Hubbell, Webster, 819 Hubble, Ava, 852 Huddleston, Silous, 404 Hudson, Erastus, 70 Hudson, Rock, 295-298 Hughes, Howard, 160, 251-253, 422-425 Hull, Anne, 1138-1142 Human rights. See Category Index Human Rights Campaign, 1043 Human Tissue Act of 1961, 929 Humphreys, Laud, 407-409 Hunt, E. Howard, 425-431 Hunter, C. J., 1164-1166 Hurley, Elizabeth, 827 Hurley, Patrick, 158 Hussein, Saddam, 989, 995, 1035, 1039, 1053-1055 Hussey, John, 948-950 Huth, M. E., 104 Hwang Woo-suk, 1094-1097 “Hymietown,” 633-636 I Was Wrong (Bakker), 692 ICC. See Interstate Commerce Commission Ice hockey, 901-903 If I Did It (Simpson), 1129-1131 Ikenaga, Masaaki, 398-400 Iliescu, Ion, 742 ILRF. See International Labor Rights Fund ImClone Systems, 1031-1034 Immigration; Charles Chaplin, 283-285 Immigration and Naturalization Service, U.S., 284, 563, 664, 671 Immigration fraud, 563, 940; Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, 662-665 Impeachment; of Bill Clinton, 820, 874-878, 988; of judges, 46, 117; Liberian cabinet, 143; and Richard Nixon, 429; and Eliot Spitzer, 1169 Imus, Don, 1142-1144 Ince, Thomas H., 108-111 Independent Committee of Eminent Persons, 859 Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990, 1157 Indochina Peace Campaign, 435 IndyMac, 1177 “Infogate,” 543-545 Ingrassia, Angelo J., 704 Inside Sports magazine, 574-577 Insider trading; and H. H. Asquith, 43-46; and George W. Bush, 762-765; definition, 45, 763; in Japan, 714-717; and Michael Milken, 726-729; and Martha Stewart, 1031-1034 Insull, Samuel, 154-156 Insull Utilities Trusts, 154-156 Intellectual History. See Category Index under Cultural and intellectual history Internal Revenue Code, 464 Internal Revenue Service, 213, 385; and Spiro T. Agnew, 449; and churches, 481, 691; and Randall Cunningham, 1066; and Billie Sol Estes, 341-343; and Billy James Hargis, 465; and Heritage USA, 691; and Kent Hovind, 1123-1126; and Lockheed Corporation, 483; and Pete Rose, 737; and Eliot Spitzer, 1168; and Herman E. Talmadge, 553. See also Bureau of Internal Revenue Internal Security Act of 1950, 267 International Association of the Congo, 31 International Christian Association, 939 International Exhibition of Modern Art, 49-52 International Labor Rights Fund, 1078-1080 International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union, 42 International relations. See Category Index Interstate Commerce Act of 1887, 46 Interstate Commerce Commission, 46 Investment Company Act of 1940, 1014 Iran, 676-681; hostage crisis, 573; nuclear weapons, 1012 Iran-Contra weapons scandal, 312, 481, 676-681, 780, 820 “Irangate,” 430 Iraq, 481; arms purchases, 793; Kurds, 697; war with Iran, 676 Iraq War, 340, 421, 989, 994-999, 1006, 1034-1038, 1090, 1138; and Central Intelligence Agency, 1010-1013 Ireland, 106, 779-781; orphan school fire, 217-219; weapon imports, 413-415 IRS. See Internal Revenue Service Irving, Clifford, 422-425 Irving, David, 619 Irving, Edith, 422-425 Isaacs, Godfrey, 43 Isaacs, Rufus, 43 Islam, 254-256, 359-361, 1075-1077 Isorni, Jacques, 232 Israel, 21, 312, 634; and Iran-Contra, 677; secret service, 376; and Kurt Waldheim, 669 Italian Football Federation, 1092-1094 Italy. See Geographical Index Jackson, Ashley, 895 Jackson, Jesse, 633-636, 640, 699, 895-897, 990 Jackson, Michael, 1025-1027 Jackson, Shoeless Joe, 66-70, 399 Jackson, Vernon L., 1148 Jameson, J. Franklin, 307 Janszen, Paul, 735 Japan. See Geographical Index Japanese American internment, 205-209; Roosevelt’s order, 206; U.S. government apology for, 208 Japanese Archaeology Association, 920 Japanese paleolithic hoax, 919-921 Jefferson, Thomas, 200, 936 Jefferson, William J., 1147-1150 Jenkins, Walter, 371-374 Jenks, Anton Shrewsbury, 125 Jenrette, John W., Jr., 561-562, 582-585 Jenrette, Rita, 582-585 Jesus Morning Star, 939-941 Jim Bakker Show (television), 692 JMS. See Jesus Morning Star John Paul I, 606 John Paul II, 606-609, 954 John Roe I et al. v. Bridgestone (2005), 1078-1080 Johnson, Charles, 521 Johnson, Charles S., 142 Johnson, Frank, 739 Johnson, Jack, 52-55 Johnson, Judy, 624-627 Johnson, Lyndon B.; and Bobby Baker, 365-368; T. Lamar Caudle, 281, 312; and Billie Sol Estes, 341-343; and Abe Fortas, 392; and Doris Kearns Goodwin, 959; and Walter Jenkins, 371-374; and Vietnam, 364 Jokes, 500-502 Jones, Ernest, 12-15 Jones, Gareth, 167-169 Jones, Marion, 1164-1166 Jones, Michael, 1126-1129 Jones, Paula, 875 Jones, Steven E., 723 Jones v. Daly (1981), 590 Jordan, Everett, 367 Jordan, Pat, 574-577 Jorgensen, Christine, 289-291 Jubilee (Walker), 520 Jung Myung Seok, 939-941 Juventus soccer club, 1092-1094 Jyllands-Posten, 1075-1077 Kamata, Toshiaki, 919-921 Kamenev, Leo, 106 Kanaly, John J., 296 Kane and Abel (Archer), 696 Kaplan, David A., 1114 Karpinski, Janis, 1034 Kaufman, George S., 184-187 Kavanaugh, Daniel, 1153 Kawamoto, Dawn, 1116 Keally, Charles, 919-921 Kearney, Nancy, 810 Keating, Frank, 954 Keays, Sara, 631-633 Keeler, Christine, 355-358 Kefauver, Estes, 270-273 Kefauver-Harris Amendment (1962), 303 Keith, Minor C., 472 Kelley, Joe, 100-102 Kelly, James, 413 Kelly, John, 413 Kelly, R., 1170-1172 Kelly, Richard, 561-562 Kelsey, Frances Oldham, 193, 301-304 Kelso, Frank B., Jr., 784, 800 Kennan, George F., 307-310 Kennedy, Charles, 1084-1085 Kennedy, Edward M., 364, 439-440; and Chappaquiddick, 367, 394-398; and William Kennedy Smith, 759 Kennedy, John F.; assassination of, 343; and Bobby Baker, 367; and Judith Campbell, 329-332; and Matthew J. Connelly, 281, 312; extramarital affairs, 126; and J. Edgar Hoover, 329-332; and Marilyn Monroe, 344-346; and Ellen Rometsch, 367; and Vietnam, 362 Kennedy, Joseph P., 127-130 Kennedy, Mildred Pearce, 115 Kennedy, Patrick, 759 Kennedy, Robert F., 329, 700; and Dave Beck, 323-325; and Marilyn Monroe, 344 Kennedy, Rose Fitzgerald, 127 Kent, Samuel Neal, 70-72 Kent State massacre, 410-413, 491 Kenya, 298-301 Kenyatta, Jomo, 298 Kerr, James, 12 Kerr, Robert S., 365-368 Kerrigan, Nancy, 812-815 Kershaw, Elinor, 108-111 Keyworth, George A., II, 1114-1118 KGB, 347-349, 353-354, 931, 1133 Khan, Prince Aly, 254-256 Khrushchev, Nikita S., 330, 373 Kidnapping; of Mehdi Ben Barka, 374-376; and Duke lacrosse team, 1088; by Marc Dutroux, 840-842; of Elinor Glyn, 27; of Patricia Hearst, 450-453; by Jack Jackson, 54; of Aimee Semple McPherson, 115-118 Kiley, Kevin C., 1138 Killian documents scandal, 1044-1046 Kim Sun-jong, 1094 Kimball Sanitarium, 215 King, Billie Jean, 588-591 King, Cecil R., 279-282 King, Charles D. B., 142-144 King, Coretta Scott, 739 King, Don, 703 King, John, 93 King, Larry (lawyer), 588 King, Larry (talk show host), 390, 711, 828, 1130 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 381, 739-741, 822, 896 King, Wanda, 748 King in New York, A (film), 285 King Leopold’s Soliloquy (Twain), 33 King v. Mister Maestro, Inc. (1963), 740 Kinnock, Neil, 698-701 Kinte, Kunta, 520 Kirstein, Lincoln, 528 Kissinger, Henry, 416, 538, 551 Kitchener, Lord, 58-60 Klein, Allen, 494-497 Knebel, Fletcher, 175 Knight, Bobby, 950 Knight, Suge, 884 Knox, Howard J., 290 Kocadag©, Hüseyin, 843-845 Koch, Edward I., 642, 693-695, 778 Koch, Kevin, 666 Kohl, Helmut, 1110 Koller, Arnold, 858, 860 Kontogiannis, Thomas, 1064 Koolmatrie, Wanda (Leon Carmen), 852-854 Kopechne, Mary Jo, 367, 394-398 “Koreagate,” 430, 479-482 Korean War, 175, 289 Korematsu, Fred, 205 Korematsu v. United States (1944), 207 Kotchian, Carl, 482-485 Kovtun, Dimitri, 1133 Koza, Frank, 995-998 Krause, Allison, 410-413 Krever, Horace, 868-871 Krever Commission, 868-871 Krupinski, Walter, 503-505 Kuhlmeyer, Harry L., Jr., 626 Kuhn, Bowie, 556-558 Kuhn, Rick, 568-570 Kuhn, Walt, 49-52 Kujau, Konrad, 618-621 Labor. See Category Index LaCroix, Larry, 401 Lacy, Lee, 667 La Falaise, Henri de, 127 L’Âge d’or (film), 138, 147-150 Lagos, Ricardo, 1121-1123 Lake, Douglas, 1072-1074 Lamarr, Hedy, 163-166 Lambert, William G., 391 Lamont, Daniel, 1 Lance, Bert, 511-514, 571 Landis, Carole, 245-247 Landis, Floyd, 1103-1106 Landis, Kenesaw Mountain, 66-70, 118-121, 242, 399, 556, 737 Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959, 405 Lane, Charles, 887 Lang, Robert Todd, 509 Lange, Robert Brookings, Sr., 444-446 Langevin, Jeanne, 37 Langevin, Paul, 37-39 Langfeldt, Gabriel, 229 Langley, John W., 103-105 Larson, Charles R., 800 Lasky, Jesse L., 86-89 Lategano, Cristyne, 904 Laval, Pierre, 209-211 Lavelle, Rita, 615-617 Law, Bernard, 954-958 Law and the courts. See Category Index Lawford, Peter, 344 Lawrence v. Texas (2003), 508 Laws, Bolitha J., 236 Lay, Kenneth, 945-948, 1074 League of Nations, 142-144, 1080 Leber, Georg, 503-505 Lederer, Raymond, 561-562 Leeds, Lila, 251-253 Le Gougne, Marie Reine, 962-964 Le Gros Clark, Wilfrid, 292 Lehman Brothers, 1176 Leibowitz, Samuel, 150-153 Leisure, Peter K., 262 Le Mesurier, John, 531 Lend-Lease Act of 1941, 248 Lenin, Vladimir Ilich, 106, 168, 307 Lennix, Harry, 382 Lenz, Widukind, 301 Leonard, Dutch, 118-121 Leopold II, 31-33 Leopold III, 276-279 LeRoy, J. T., 424 Leslie, Kristen, 1062 Le Thuy, Ngo Dinh, 362 Letourneau, Mary Kay, 605, 849-852 Levy, Chandra, 933-936 Levy, Susan, 933-936 Lewinsky, Monica, 818-821, 888; and Bill Clinton, 874-878, 896, 1168 Lewis, Jane Mitcham, 313 Lewis, Jerry Lee, 313-316 Lewis, John, 191 Lewis, Myra Brown, 313-316 Lewis, Terence, 682 Ley, Robert, 196 Libby, Lewis “Scooter,” 1010-1013 Libel cases, 10, 32, 793; and Jeffrey Archer, 696-698; and Cecil Chesterton, 44; and Clearstream, 926; and Steve Garvey, 574-577; and Stephen Glass, 888; and Sara Keays, 632; and Douglas MacArthur, 173-175; and Brian Mulroney, 831; and Mabel Normand, 101; and Drew Pearson, 173-175; and Roman Polanski, 524; and John L. Poulson, 432; and Mike Price, 1003; and John G. Schmitz, 604; and Arnold Schwarzenegger, 1018; and Émile Zola, 21 Liberia, 142-144, 1078-1080 Libya, 571-574 Lichtenstein, 606 Liddy, G. Gordon, 425-431 Liebenberg circle, 9-12 Lieber, Charles M., 980 Limelight (film), 284 Lincoln, Abraham, 443 Linderman, Lawrence, 612 Lindgren, James, 985 Lindstrom, Petter, 263 Lindstrom, Pia, 263 “Lingerie Bowl,” 783 Lipschutz, Milton, 104 Literature. See Category Index Little League Baseball, 942-944 Litvinenko, Alexander, 1132-1134 Liverpool; children’s hospital, 927-930; soccer team, 55-58 Llosa, Luis Fernando, 942 Lloyd George, David, 43, 59, 83-86 Lockheed Corporation, 482-485 Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 362 Lombard, Fern, 212 Long, Russell, 384 “Long Island Lolita,” 781-784 Longet, Claudine, 485-487 López Arellano, Oswaldo, 471 Los Angeles; Hugh Grant arrest, 827-829; police corruption, 884-886; Simpson/Goldman murders, 806-809 Los Angeles Lakers, 1008 Los Angeles Times, 109, 498, 576, 604, 709, 876; and Arnold Schwarzenegger, 1016-1019 Lott, Trent, 988-991 Louisiana, 1150-1153; Edwin Edwards, 907-909; Hurricane Katrina, 1068-1072; William J. Jefferson, 1147-1150 Love Canal, 546-550 Lowe, Rob, 717-720 Lowell, Francis Cabot, 6 Lubbers, Ruud, 1039-1041 Lubonja, Fatos, 846-849 Ludwig, F. G., Jr., 786 Lugovoi, Andrei, 1132-1134 Luxembourg; banks, 606; financial scandal, 925-927 Luykx, Albert, 414 Lyga, Frank, 884-886 Lynch, Jack, 413-415 Lynch, Thomas C., 800-803 Lyons, Eugene, 167 Lyons, Jack, 753-756 Lyttleton, Oliver, 298 McAdoo, William G., 97 MacArthur, Douglas, 173-175; and Bonus Army, 156-160 McAuley, James, 223-225 McCain, John, 54, 906, 1153-1154 McCarthy, Joseph, 266-270; and Alger Hiss, 261 McClellan, John, 323 McCord, James W., Jr., 425-431 McCormack, John W., 380 MacDonald, Ramsay, 105-108 McDonough, Peter, 191 McDonough, Tom, 191 McDougal, Jim, 818 McDougal, Susan, 818 MacEachran, John W., 133 McEntee, Sean, 217 McEuen, Paul L., 980 McFarlane, Bud, 676 MacFarlane, Kee, 624 McGovern, George, 440-443, 463 McGrath, J. Howard, 279-282 McGuirk, Bernard, 1142-1144 McGwire, Mark, 1058-1061 Machatù, Gustav, 163 Mack, David Anthony, 884-886 Mackay, James A., 879-881 Mackey, Randy, 1154 Mackris, Andrea, 1047-1049 MacLeish, Archibald, 236 Macleod, Iain, 298 McMartin, Virginia, 624-627 McMartin Preschool, 624-627 Macmillan, Allan D., 176 Macmillan, Harold, 355 MacMillan, Vivian, 176-178 MacMillan v. Brownlee (1934), 176-178 McNab, Gavin, 79 McNamara, Robert, 416 McNary-Watres Act. See Air Mail Act of 1930 MacPhail, Larry, 242-244 McPherson, Aimee Semple, 115-118 McPherson, Rolf, 115 McTaggart, David, 651 McTaggart, Lynne, 959-961 Maddox, Alton H., Jr., 702 Mafart, Alain, 651 Mafia, 607; and Banco Ambrosiano, 606-609; Gambino family, 1174; and Jimmy Hoffa, 325; and Diego Maradona, 816; and Adolfo Sarti, 591-593; and John Stonehouse, 469 Mahaney, W. B., 5 Mahurin, Matt, 810 Mail fraud, 1149; A. Gordon Boone, 447; James Michael Curley, 8; Budd Dwyer, 684; E. F. Hutton Company, 636; Edwin Edwards, 907; Leona Helmsley, 776-777; Webster Hubbell, 819; Michael Milken, 728; Tongsun Park, 481; Dan Rostenkowski, 803-806; Karl A. Schledwitz, 649 Main, Pamela, 304-306 Mainichi Shimbum (newspaper), 733-735, 920 Major, John, 647, 697, 983-985; and David Mellor, 792-794; and Tim Yeo, 798-800 Makalintol, Querube, 601 Malcolm X, 359 Mallick, Bill, 730-732 Malloy, Edward A., 948 Mammoth Oil Company, 96 Man, Paul de, 705-708 Man/Boy Love Association, 955 Manchester United, 55-58, 1093 Mandel, Marvin, 447 Mandl, Fritz, 163 Mangini, Eric, 1161-1163 Mangum, Crystal Gail, 1086-1089 Manhattan Beach Police Department, 626 Manhattan College, 274-276 Manifesto of Surrealism (Breton), 148 Mann Act of 1910, 52-55, 221, 1167; excerpt, 53 Manson, Charles, 523 Mantle, Mickey, 556-558 Mapes, Mary, 1044-1046 Maradona, Diego, 815-818 Marcinkus, Paul, 592, 606-609 Marconi, Guglielmo, 43-46 Marcos, Ferdinand, 600-602, 628-630 Marcos, Imelda, 628 Markham, Paul F., 395 Marks, Albert A., 638 Marriage; Blake Andrews, 612-614; Ingrid Bergman, 263-265; Lorena Bobbitt, 795-797; Jimmy Carter, 497; Charles Chaplin, 283; Charles, Prince of Wales, 745; Helen Clark, 1112-1114; and community property, 540; Leo Durocher, 242-243; Edward VIII, 187-190, 213; Mia Farrow, 773; Steve Garvey, 574-577; Rudy Giuliani, 904-906; Jean Harlow, 160-163; Rita Hayworth, 254-256; and homosexuality, 122, 296, 508, 713, 913, 1042, 1127; Rock Hudson, 296; Jack Johnson, 54; Christine Jorgensen, 290; Jung Myung Seok, 940; R. Kelly, 1170; John F. Kennedy, 346; and Kennedy family, 129; Aly Khan, 254-256; Hedy Lamarr, 165; Carole Landis, 245-247; Leopold III, 278; Mary Kay Letourneau, 850; Jerry Lee Lewis, 313-316; Amy Semple McPherson, 116; and palimony, 540-542; Cecil Parkinson, 631; Roberto Rossellini, 263-265; sham, 664; Lana Turner, 317; underage, 313-316; Nancy Wakeman, 386-388; Stanford White, 16-19 Marriott, Reginald, 181 Marsh, Clara, 964-967 Marsh, Ray, 964-967 Marsh, Tommy Ray-Brent, 964-967 Marsh & McLennan, 1050-1052 Marshak, Megan, 537-539 Martha Stewart Living (television), 1032 Martino, Thomas, 1173 Marvin, Lee, 540-542, 589 Marvin v. Marvin (1979), 540-542, 589 Mason, C. Vernon, 702 Masor, Mark, 977 Massengill, Samuel Evans, 193-195 Mast, Charles Emmanuel, 257-259 Masters, Christopher, 681 Mathias, Philip, 830-833 Matsuoka, Toshikatsu, 1145-1147 Mau Mau rebellion, 298-301 Maudling, Reginald, 431 Mauresmo, Amélie, 590 Maurice (film), 827 Mauroy, Pierre, 375 Mayer, Louis B., 163 “Mayflower Madam,” 654-657 Mays, Willie, 556-558 Mazzei, Paul, 568 Measles epidemic, Amazonian, 910-912 Medicine and health care. See Category Index Medina, Ernest, 401 Medlar, Linda Jones, 872-874 Mee, James, 1106-1109 Meese, Edwin, III, 669, 678 Meili, Christophe, 858-861 Meksi, Aleksander, 846-849 Mellor, David, 792-794 “Memogate,” 1044-1046 Memoirs of Chief Red Fox, The (Red Fox), 424 Memorandum from Commissioner Peter V. Ueberroth to All Clubs Re: Baseball’s Drug Education & Prevention Program (May 14, 1986), 668 Menem, Carlos, 815 Menendez, Erik, 750-753 Menendez, Jose, 750-753 Menendez, Kitty, 750-753 Menendez, Lyle, 750-753 Menu Foods scandal, 1097-1100 Merhige, Robert, Jr., 459-462 Merrill Lynch, 1176 Merwin, W. S., 474 Mexico, 824-826 Meyer, Ron, 687-689 Mfume, Kweisi, 823 Michael, George, 881-883 Middle East. See Geographical Index Middle Passage (Johnson), 521 MI5, 348, 533, 791 Mikhailsky, Sigmund, 347-349 Milan soccer club, 1092-1094 Milburn, Alan, 927-930 Milea, Vasile, 742 Milgram, Stanley, 338-340 Milgram experiments, 338-340 Military. See Category Index Military Academy, U.S. See West Point Military police, U.S. Army, 1036 Milk, Harvey, 507 Milken, Michael, 726-729 Miller, Jeffrey, 410-413 Miller, Thomas W., 92 Miller, Tom, 55-58 Millette, Dorothy, 160 Milli Vanilli, 756-758 Milligan, Maurice M., 200 Mills, Elizabeth Shown, 520 Mills, Gary, 520 Mills, Wilbur D., 462-465 Milner, Alfred, 25 Minchew, Daniel, 553 Minkow, Barry, 708-710 Minow, Newton, 335-337 Minter, Mabel Miles, 73-76 Miss America; Anita Bryant, 506; Bess Myerson, 693; Vanessa Williams, 638-641 Mitchell, George J., 1058, 1162 Mitchell, John, 390-391, 425-431 Mitchell, Margaret, 521 Mitchell Report, 1060 Mitchelson, Marvin, 540-542 Mitchum, Robert, 251-253 Miyazawa, Kiichi, 714-717 Modern Times (film), 284 Mody, Lori, 1147-1150 Mog, Aribert, 163 Moggi, Luciano, 1092-1094 Moltke, Kuno von, 9 Mommie Dearest (Crawford), 517-519 Monarchy. See Category Index under Royalty Monckeberg, Nicolás, 1122 Monckton, Walter, 187 Money laundering, 271, 1132, 1149, 1152, 1168; and Abscam, 562, 583; and Clearstream International, 925-927; and Randall Cunningham, 1067; and John De Lorean, 610; Edwin Edwards, 907-909; and Italian criminals, 593; and Mafia, 606; and Raúl Salinas, 825-826; and Herman E. Talmadge, 553-555; and Watergate, 427; and Westar Energy, 1073 “Monicagate,” 874-878 Monroe, Marilyn, 246, 344-346 Monseigneur affair, 377-379 Monsieur Verdoux (film), 284 Montgomery, Tim, 1164-1166 Moody’s, 1176 Moon, Sun Myung, 479 Moore, Carlos, 731 Moore, Demi, 718 Moore, Rasheeda, 748 Moores, Frank, 830-833 Morel, Edmund Dene, 31-33 Morelli, Benedict, 1047-1049 Morgan, Jack, 514 Morgan Stanley, 1176 Morgenthau, Robert M., 641 Morissette, Pierre, 892 Morley, John J., 389 Morley, Thomas, 636-638 Morocco, 374-376; Sand Wars, 374 Morris, Joe, 304-306 Morrison, Toni, 521 Mortgage Guaranty Insurance Company, 367 Mortgage industry, 367, 973, 1134-1138, 1175-1179 Mortimer, Elias, 89, 104 Morton, Desmond, 105-108 Morton, Melinda, 1062 Morvan, Fab, 756-758 Morze, Mark, 708 Moseley, Winston, 369 Motion Picture Association of America, 88 Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America, 88 Motion Picture Production Code (1930), 165 MPAA. See Motion Picture Association of America MTV, 756, 767, 882 Muggeridge, Malcolm, 167 Muhammad, Elijah, 359-361 Muhammad, Prophet, 1075-1077 Muir, Leilani, 133-136 Muir v. Alberta (1996), 135 Mulcahey, Michael, 971 Mulder, Connie, 543-545 “Muldergate,” 543-545 Mulroney, Brian, 830-833; and “Tunagate,” 660-662 Munsinger, Gerda, 377-379 Murder and suicide. See Category Index Murnau, F. W., 111 Murphree, Debra, 711 Murphy, Annie, 779-781 Murphy, Frank, 281 Murphy, Peter, 779 Murray, Alexander, 43 Murtha, John, 563 Music and performing arts. See Category Index Music Television. See MTV Muslims. See Islam; Nation of Islam Mussolini, Benito, 117, 164, 213, 231, 592, 706; and Ezra Pound, 237 My Lai massacre, 401-404, 937 My Own Sweet Time (novel), 852-854 My Wicked, Wicked Ways (Flynn), 560 Myers, Michael, 561-562 Myerson, Bess, 693-695 NAACP. See National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Nagayasu, Masayuki, 398-400 Nagin, Ray, 1068-1072 Nanni, Louis M., 948 Naone, Dana, 474 Naropa Institute, 474-476 Nasjonal Samling, 226, 230 Nathan, Judith, 904-906 Nation of Islam, 635, 822-823; and Elijah Muhammad, 359-361 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 152, 642, 768, 821-823 National Association of Black Journalists, 810 National Association of Evangelicals, 527, 1127 National Association of Securities Dealers, 1014 National Bank of Georgia, 511-514, 571 National Basketball Association, 275, 867, 901; Kobe Bryant, 1008-1010; Tim Donaghy, 1172-1175 National Basketball Referees Association, 1175 National Broadcasting Company, 326 National Collegiate Athletic Association; academic standards, 1101; basketball, 274, 569, 968; “death penalty,” 687-689; football, 687-689, 949; and gambling, 1003 National Enquirer, 895-897, 1017, 1130 National Football League, 949, 1003; New England Patriots, 1161-1163; Michael Vick, 1158-1161 National Guard; and Hurricane Katrina, 1069-1070; Kent State shootings, 410-413, 491; and “Scottsboro Boys,” 151 National Hockey League, 901-903 National Labor Relations Act of 1935, 42 National Press Photographers Association, 811 National Research Act of 1974, 439 National Security Agency, 932, 995-998 Native Americans, 130-133, 434, 1155-1158 NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty Organization Naval Academy, U.S., 1102; cheating scandal, 800-803; honor code, 801; sexual harassment at, 788 Navratilova, Martina, 590 Navy, U.S.; homosexuality investigation, 70-72; Tailhook scandal, 784-788; and Teapot Dome scandal, 96 Nazi collaborators and sympathizers; Charles Bedaux, 212-214; Errol Flynn, 559-561; Günter Grass, 1109-1112; Knut Hamsun, 229-232; Pierre Laval, 209-211; Philippe Pétain, 232-236; Vidkun Quisling, 226-229; Kurt Waldheim, 669-672 NBA. See National Basketball Association NCAA. See National Collegiate Athletic Association Neel, James V., 910-912 Nelson, Judd, 718 Nesbit, Evelyn, 16-19 New England Patriots, 1161-1163 New Life Church, 1126-1129 New Orleans, Louisiana, 1068-1072 New Republic, The, 887-889 New South Wales Fraud Enforcement Agency, 853 New York City; Armory Modern Art Show, 49-52; Broadway theater, 122-124; called “Hymietown,” 633-636; Genovese murder, 369-371; Rudy Giuliani, 904-906; Goetz shootings, 641-644; “Mayflower Madam,” 654-657; Myerson scandal, 693-695; Stonewall Rebellion, 506; “Subway Vigilante,” 641-644; Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire, 40-43 New York Daily News, 289 New York Islanders, 901-903 New York Racing Association, 514-515 New York Times, 8, 24, 50, 167-169, 218, 362, 488; and Abscam, 562; and Fatty Arbuckle, 81; and Auburn University, 1101-1103; and Joe Biden, 700; and Jayson Blair, 888, 998-1001; and cold fusion, 724; and Duke lacrosse team, 1088; and Doris Kearns Goodwin, 959-960; and Jesse Jackson, 896; and “Koreagate,” 480; and James Mackey, 879; and Paul de Man, 705-708; and Madame Nhu, 363; and Pentagon Papers, 416-419; and Eliot Spitzer, 1167; and U.S. Air Force Academy, 1063; and U.S. Naval Academy, 801; and Kurt Waldheim, 669 New York Times Co. v. United States (1971), 417 New Zealand. See Geographical Index Newport sex scandal, 70-72 News Corp, 1129-1131 News of the World, The, 696-697, 828, 1084-1086 Newsweek magazine, 576, 1114-1118; and O. J. Simpson, 810-812 Newton, Andrew, 531 NFL. See National Football League Ngo Dinh Diem, 362 Ngo Dinh Nhu, 362 Ngo Dinh Nhu, Madame, 362-365 Nguyen Duy Trinh, 434 NHL. See National Hockey League Nicaragua, 676-681 Nicholson, Jack, 523 Nifong, Mike, 1086-1089 Night of the Long Knives, 11 Nihoul, Michel, 840 9/11. See September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks Nixon, Pat, 453-456 Nixon, Richard, 286-288; and Spiro T. Agnew, 447-450; gifts received, 453-456; and Alger Hiss, 261; Nixon tapes, 428; and Pentagon Papers, 416-419; and Watergate, 312, 418, 425-431, 448-449, 455, 493, 497 Nixon tapes, 428 Noailles, Charles de, 148 Noailles, Marie-Laure de, 148 Nobile, Philip, 520 Noebel, David A., 465 Norgrove, Jane, 789 Normand, Mabel, 73-76, 100-102 Norris, Clarence, 150-153 Norris v. Alabama (1935), 152 North, Oliver, 676-681 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 350, 357, 490-491, 658, 744, 890 Northern Ireland, 413-415, 609 Norton, Rosaleen, 304-306 Norway, 226-232 Nosenko, Yuri, 347 Nosferatu (film), 111-114 Notre Dame University, 598; football, 948-950 Novak, Robert, 1010-1013 Nuclear weapons, 442; China, 373; Iraq, 995; testing, 651-654 Nude Descending a Staircase (Duchamp), 50 Nudity, 17, 584, 767, 774, 1027; in art, 50; Hedy Lamarr, 163-166; Vanessa Williams, 638-641 Oakley, Kenneth, 292-295 Oana©, Ioachim, 916-918 Oaten, Belinda, 1084-1086 Oaten, Mark, 1084-1086 Obama, Barack, 701 Obedience to Authority (Milgram), 339 Occupational Health and Safety Administration, and 1911 Triangle fire, 42 O’Connell, William Henry, 128 Oelrich, Ryan, 1081 Office of Management and Budget, U.S., 511-514 Office of Thrift Supervision, U.S., 1177 OFFP. See Oil-for-Food Programme Ogawa, Kentaro, 398-400 Oil-for-Food Programme, 481, 1053-1055 Oil reserves scandal, 95-99 O’Leary, George, 948-950 Oliphant, Charles, 310 Olympics; 1994, 812-815; 2000, 916-918, 1164-1166; 2002, 962-964; doping, 916-918, 1164-1166; figure skating, 812-815, 962-964; gymnastics, 916-918; track and field, 1164-1166 O’Morain, Michael, 413 Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 694 1 Night in Paris (video), 1020 O’Neill, Tip, 621-624, 730 Opera, 76-79 Operation PUSH, 896 Operation White Snow, 479-482, 534-536 Order of internment (Roosevelt), 206 O’Reilly, Bill, 1047-1049 O’Reilly, Bridget, 217-219 O’Reilly Factor, The (television), 1047-1049 Organization of Afro-American Unity, 360 Organization of American Historians, 986 Organized crime and racketeering. See Category Index Ormiston, Kenneth G., 115 Orphans; Duplessis, 892-895; Irish school fire, 217-219 Ossendowski, Anton Martynovich, 307 Oufkir, Mohammad, 374 Oustric, Albert, 139-141 Outreau affair, 922-924 Overholser, Winfred, 236 Owen, Richard, 494-497 Pacepa, Ion Mihai, 353 Pach, Walter, 49-52 Padgett, Tom, 708 Page sex scandal, 621-624 Pagnam, Fred, 55 Pagones, Steven, 702 Pakistan, 254-256, 1053-1055 Paleontology, 292-295 Palestine Liberation Organization, 634, 793 Palfrey, Deborah Jeane, 1150-1153 Palimony, 540-542, 588-591 Palmer, Lilli, 245 Panama, 473, 606 Pan-American Oil and Transport Company, 96 Panny, William, 580 Panov, V. A., 309 Paparazzi, 81, 254, 746, 861, 882, 1019; and Princess Diana, 861-865 Papon, Maurice, 375 Park, Tongsun, 479-482 Park Chung Hee, 479 Parker, Alton B., 1 Parker, Dave, 666-669 Parkinson, Cecil, 631-633 Parks, Bernard, 884 Parnes, Anthony, 753-756 Parsons, Jan, 717-720 Partnership for a Drug-Free America, 767 Pass, Albert, 404 Passion of the Christ, The (film), 1107 Paternity suits; Charles Chaplin, 220-222, 283; Steve Garvey, 574-577; Elijah Muhammad, 359-361; John G. Schmitz, 603-605 Patterson, Haywood, 150-153 Patton, George S., 156 Paul, Henri, 861 Paul VI, 606 Paulino, Rolando, 942-944 Paulk, Anne, 913 Paulk, John, 913-915 Paulson, Henry, 1134-1138, 1175-1179 Payola scandal, 332-335 Peace, Purnell A., 1158 Peace Corps, 476-478 Pearson, Drew, 173-175, 248-250, 384 Pearson, Lester B., 377-379 Pedophilia, 315, 842; and Michael Jackson, 1025-1027; and Ernest Jones, 15; and Outreau affair, 922-924; and Roman Catholic priests, 954-958 Peeling the Onion (Grass), 1111 Pee-wee’s Playhouse, 765 Peking man, 292 Pelletier, David, 962-964 Pelosi, Nancy, 623, 1148 Pelossi, Giorgio, 830 Pendergast, James, 199 Pendergast, Thomas Joseph, 199-201 Penenberg, Adam, 887 Penis severing, 795-797 Pensacola Christian College, 1124 Pentagon Papers, 416-419 Penthouse magazine, 638-641, 828 People, The (newspaper), 793 People v. Goetz (1984), 641-644 Peppiatt, Angela, 696 Pereira, Fernando, 651-654 Péret, Raoul Adolphe, 139-141 Perez, Rafael Antonio, 884 Perhach, Vanessa, 865 Perjury, 885; Jeffrey Archer, 697; Hillary Clinton, 820, 876; Alger Hiss, 259-262; Lewis “Scooter” Libby, 1012; Charles Van Doren, 328; Caspar Weinberger, 679 Perkins, Tom, 1114-1118 Perla, Anthony, 568 Perla, Rocco, 568 Perrault, Roger, 868 Perry, Nancy Ling, 450 Pesticides, 547 Pet food, 661; China, 1097-1100; Chinese, 1097 Pétain, Philippe, 209-211, 232-236 Petee, Thomas A., 1101-1103 Petrovich Semenov, Evgeni, 307 Peyton Place (television), 773 Pharmaceuticals, 193 Phil Donahue Show, The (television), 583 Philbin, Regis, 574, 828 Philippines, 1, 173, 175, 600-602, 628-630 Phillips, Carrie, 124 Phillips, Jud, 313 Phillips, Quanis, 1159 Phipps, Ogden Mills, 514 Photography, Abu Ghraib prison, 1036 Pianist, The (film), 524 Pickett, John O., 901-903 Picquart, Georges, 19 Pierce, Ponchitta, 537 Pierlot, Hubert, 277 Pilatus, Rob, 756-758 Piltdown man, 292-295 Pinto, Ford, 594-596 Pius XII, 164, 353-355 Plagiarism. See Category Index Plame, Valerie, 1010-1013 “Plamegate,” 1010-1013 Playboy magazine, 497-500, 584, 612, 614, 639 Poetry, 474-476; Koolmatrie hoax, 223-225; Ezra Pound, 236-239 Poindexter, John M., 676 Point shaving in basketball, 274-276, 568-570, 1172 Poisoning, diethylene glycol, 194 Polanski, Roman, 522-524 Police corruption, 656, 702-705; Australia, 681-683; Belgium, 840-842; Los Angeles, 884-886; San Francisco, 191-193; Turkey, 843-845 Political contributions. See Campaign contributions Politics. See Category Index Polozola, Frank, 907 Pons, Stanley, 723-726 Ponzi, Charles, 63-66 Ponzi schemes, 63-66, 708-710. See also Pyramid schemes Pope, Barbara S., 785 Popoff, Elizabeth, 673 Popoff, Peter, 673-675 Poppe, Henry, 274-276 Popular culture. See Category Index Pornography, 640; and Adelphia Communications, 971; and Mary Astor, 184; and John Wayne Bobbitt, 796; and Divine Brown, 828; child, 625, 922, 1170-1172; films, 1004-1007; and Eugène Goosens, 304-306; and Paris Hilton, 1019-1021; and Michael Jackson, 1027; and Paul Reubens, 765-768; and Clarence Thomas, 770 Post Office scandal, 803-806 Pottinger, George, 431 Poulson, John, 431-433 Pound, Dorothy Shakespear, 236 Pound, Ezra, 236-239 Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 380-383 Powell v. Alabama (1932), 152 Powell v. McCormack (1969), 381-382 Prescott, John, 1089-1091 Presidential campaigns, U.S.; 1904, 1-3; 1920, 90, 93; 1924, 98; 1932, 159; 1948, 988-991; 1952, 271, 281, 286-288; 1956, 312, 320; 1960, 331, 344; 1964, 371-374, 386; 1968, 454; 1972, 425-431; 1976, 480, 497-501; 1980, 571-574; 1984, 633-636, 680; 1988, 680, 698-701, 713, 718; 1992, 874; 1996, 875; 2000, 764, 877; Joe Biden, 698-701; George H. W. Bush, 680; George W. Bush, 764; Jimmy Carter, 480, 497-500, 571-574; Bill Clinton, 874; Hillary Clinton, 1169; Michael Dukakis, 718; Thomas F. Eagleton, 440-443; Dwight D. Eisenhower, 312, 320; Gerald R. Ford, 501; Barry Goldwater, 371-374, 386; Warren G. Harding, 90; Herbert Hoover, 159; Jesse Jackson, 633-636; Lyndon B. Johnson, 371-374; Richard Nixon, 286-288, 425-431, 454; Ronald Reagan, 680; Pat Robertson, 713; Theodore Roosevelt, 1-3; Al Smith, 93; Strom Thurmond, 988-991. See also Campaign contributions President’s Commission on Campus Unrest, 412 President’s Daughter, The (Britton), 124-127 Pressler, Larry, 563 Pressler, Mike, 1003, 1086 Preston, Billy, 494-497 Prevention of Abuses Act of 1925, 85 Prevert, Jacques, 148 Previn, Soon-Yi, 773-775 Price, Mike, 1002-1004 Price, Victoria, 150 Priest, Dana, 1138-1142 Prieur, Dominique, 651 Prime Time Live (television), 761 Prince, Jonas, 898 Privacy Act of 1974, 429 Privat, Maurice, 140 Priven, Dennis, 476-478 Profumo, John, 348, 355-358, 378 Prohibition, 75, 90, 93, 100, 102-105, 110 Propaganda Due, 591-593 Prostitution, 53. See Category Index Psalm 51, 713 Psychology and psychiatry. See Category Index PTL Television Network, 690-693 Public morals. See Category Index Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, 155 Publishing and journalism. See Category Index Purcell, Bob, 55-58 Purviance, Edna, 100 Putin, Vladimir, 1132-1134 Pyramid schemes, 846-849, 1132. See also Ponzi schemes Qaddafi, Muammar al-, 679 Qaeda, al-. See al-Qaeda Quebec, 898; Duplessis orphans, 892-895 Quisling, Vidkun, 226-229 Racism. See Category Index under Social issues and reform Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act of 1970, 728 Radcliffe, Cyril, 347 Rader, Stanley, 525 Radio and television. See Category Index Ra©ducan, Andreea, 916-918 Ragtime (Doctorow), 18 Rahman, Kambir Abdul, 562 Rainbow Warrior (ship), 651-654 Raines, Howell, 998-1001 Rajneesh, Bhagwan Shree, 662-665 Ralph, Tim, 1126-1129 Ramos, Fidel V., 629 Rampart scandal, 884-886 RAND, 416 Randi, James, 673-675 Rape; and Fatty Arbuckle, 74, 79-82, 88; and Jimmy Bakker, 690; of Lorena Bobbitt, 795-797; of Tawana Brawley, 702-705; and Kobe Bryant, 1008-1010; and Joey Buttafuoco, 781-784; of children, 922-924; and Duke lacrosse team, 1086-1089; and Marc Dutroux, 840-842; of Francis Farmer, 216; of Amy Fisher, 781; and Errol Flynn, 202-205; of Kitty Genovese, 369-371; and Jung Myung Seok, 939-941; and Mary Kay Letourneau, 849-852; of Menendez brothers, 752; at My Lai massacre, 401; in opera, 77; and Roman Polanski, 522-524; and “Scottsboro Boys,” 150-153; and William Kennedy Smith, 759-762; spousal, 795-797; and Stanford White, 17 Raphael, Adam, 696 Rappe, Virginia, 79-82 Rasmussen, Anders Fogh, 1075 Rather, Dan, 1022-1024, 1044-1046 Rathom, John R., 70 Rauh, Carl, 803 Rauh, Joseph L., Jr., 404-406 Ray, Elizabeth, 491-493 Reagan, Marilyn Bradshaw, 529 Reagan, Ronald; Abscam, 563; and deregulation, 945; and Environmental Protection Agency, 615-616; Iran-Contra, 312, 676-681, 780; and Ku Klux Klan, 635; at Nazi cemetery, 1110; and Religious Right, 577 Reardon, David C., 795 Recession, U.S., 1175-1179 Recruit scandal, 714-717 Red Cross, American, 778 Red Cross, Canadian, 869 Red Cross, International, 1035 Red Fox, 424 Red Rubber (Morel), 32 Red Scare, 71, 81, 285 Redfern, Michael, 927-930 Redfern Report, 927-930 Reed, John, 223 Reenan, Cyril, 789 Rees-Jones, Trevor, 861 Reflections of a Public Man (Wright), 731 Regan, Judith, 1129-1131 Reguly, Robert, 377 Reid, Wallace, 86-89 Reilly, Sidney, 105-108 Religion. See Category Index Replogle, Hartley L., 68 Résumé falsification, 587, 948-950 Reubens, Paul, 765-768, 829 Révélation$ (Robert and Backes), 925-927 Revers, Georges, 257-259 Revers Report, 257-259 Reynaud, Paul, 233 Reynolds, Don, 365-368 Rhodes, James A., 410 Rhoodie, Eschel, 543 “Rhoodiegate,” 543-545 Rialto Grain and Securities Company, 4-6 Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 197 Ribicoff, Abraham A., 384, 511 Rice-Davies, Mandy, 356 Richardson, Elliot, 447-450 Richardson-Merrell, 302 Richie, Nicole, 1020 RICO Act. See Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act of 1970 Ridenhour, Ronald, 401 Rigas, James, 971-973 Rigas, John, 971-973 Rigas, Michael, 971-973 Rigas, Timothy, 971-973 Riggs, Bobby, 589 “Rinkagate,” 531-534 Rise of Mr. Ponzi, The (Ponzi), 64 Rivers, Eunice, 437 Riza, Iqbal, 1053-1055 Roach, Hal, 178-181 Robbins, Bruce, 837 Robert, Denis, 925-927 Roberts, Jim, 1000 Roberts, Seth, 978 Robertson, Cliff, 509-511 Robertson, Pat, 713 Robertson, Thomas A., 534 Robertson affair, 509-511 Robins, E. Claiborne, Sr., 459 Robinson, Jackie, 639 Robinson, Sir Joseph, 83 Robinson, Walter V., 936-938 Roche, James G., 991 Rockefeller, Nelson A., 537-539 Rodriguez, Marcelo, 881 Roe Jung-hye, 1094 Roe v. Wade (1973), 604, 769 Rogers, Michael, 1041-1044 Rogers, William D., 473 Rogge, Jacques, 962 Roh Sung-il, 1094 Röhm, Ernst, 11 Roman, Ed, 274 Roman Catholic Church, 456-459; and Banco Ambrosiano, 606-609; and Belgian Congo, 33; and Eamonn Casey, 779-781; and John Patrick Cody, 597-599; and film censorship, 164; and Rita Hayworth, 254-255; and Holocaust, 353-355; and homosexuality, 577-579; and Ireland, 413-415; and orphans, 892-895; priests scandal, 954-958; and Sancta Susanna, 78 Romania, 742-745, 916-918 Rometsch, Ellen, 367 Ronson, Gerald, 753-756 Roosevelt, Eleanor, 159, 194, 205, 1114 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 62, 70, 128, 155, 159, 194, 200-201; and airmail scandal, 144; and Japanese American internment, 205-209; and Ezra Pound, 236 Roosevelt, Theodore, 1-3, 26, 50; and Joseph R. Burton, 4-6 Roots (Haley), 520-522 Rosa, John W., 1062 Rose, Flemming, 1075-1077 Rose, Pete, 735-738 Roselli, John, 330 Rosenberg, Alfred, 226, 230 Rosoff, William L., 1050 Ross, Andrew, 837 Ross, Karl, 369 Rossellini, Roberto, 263-265 Rossellini, Roberto Ingmar, 263 Rostenkowski, Dan, 803-806 Rota, Robert V., 803 Roth, Al, 274 Rothstein, Arnold, 66-70 Rove, Karl, 1011 Royal Commission of Inquiry on the Blood System, 868-871 Royal Institute of British Architects, 431 Royalty. See Category Index Rubber; automobile tires, 534-536; in Congo Free State, 31-33; in Liberia, 143, 1078-1080 Ruckelshaus, William, 615 Rudel, Hans-Ulrich, 503-505 Rudge, Olga, 236 Ruef, Abraham, 28-30 Ruiz Massieu, José Francisco, 824-826 Rumsfeld, Donald, 991, 1034 Rural Electrification Act of 1936, 155 Rushmore, Howard, 296 Russia. See Geographical Index; Soviet Union Russian Civil War, 106, 226 Russian Revolution, 75, 106, 167; and Sisson documents, 307-310 Rutgers University women’s basketball team, 1142-1144 Ryan, Thomas Fortune, 2 S. E. Massengill Company, 193-195 Sabich, Vladimir, 485-487 Sachs, Irving, 310-313 Safe Drinking Water Act of 1986, 617 Salé, Jamie, 962-964 Salinas de Gortari, Carlos, 824-826 Salinas de Gortari, Raúl, 824-826 Salmonella, 664, 983 Salomon, Rick, 1019-1021 Salter, Roberta Semple, 115 Samuel, Herbert, 43 San Antonio Express-News, 1000 San Francisco; Fatty Arbuckle trial, 79-82; city graft, 28-30; Warren Harding’s death, 125; police corruption, 191-193; SLA bank robbery, 450-453 Sancha, Antonia de, 792 Sanchez, Ricardo, 1034-1038 Sancta Susanna (opera), 76-79 Santoni, Mimi, 456-459 Sapina, Ante, 1055-1058 Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 1115 Sarsgaard, Peter, 888 Sarti, Adolfo, 591-593 Sasso, Anthony P., 1155 Satterlee, Peggy, 202-205 Saud, Sultan bin Abdul Aziz al-, 453 Saunders, Ernest, 753-756 Save Our Children, 506 Saving Private Ryan (film), 951 Sawyer, Charles E., 89 Sawyer, Steve, 651-654 Scarsdale diet, 565-567 Schatten, Gerald, 1094-1097 Scheer, Robert, 497 Scheuer, Sandra, 410-413 Schindel, Robert, 1109 Schledwitz, Karl A., 649 Schlesinger, James, 1034 Schmidlapp, W. Horace, 246 Schmidt, Hermann, 503-505 Schmitz, Eugene E., 28-30 Schmitz, John G., 603-605 Schmitz, Joseph E., 605 Schön, Jan Hendrik, 980-982 Schreiber, Belle, 52 Schreiber, Karlheinz, 830-833 Schreuder, Frances, 528-530 Schreuder, Marc, 528 Schrock, Edward, 1041-1044 Schroeder, William, 410-413 Schwartzkoppen, Max von, 20 Schwarzenegger, Arnold, 1016-1019 Schwebel, Stephen M., 1039 Schwimmer, Harry I., 310-313 Science and technology. See Category Index Scotland, 879-881; Distillers Co., 754 Scott, Ian, 1112 Scott, Norman, 531-534 “Scottsboro Boys,” 150-153 SEC. See Securities and Exchange Commission Secord, Richard V., 676 Securities Act of 1933, 155, 389 Securities and Exchange Commission, U.S., 320-322, 483, 510, 649; and Eli M. Black, 471-473; and George W. Bush, 762-765; Enron investigation, 945-948; and financial markets collapse of 2008, 1178; and Hewlett-Packard, 1117; and Michael Milken, 726-729; mutual fund investigation, 1013-1016; and Martha Stewart, 1031-1034; and Westar Energy, 1072-1074; and Louis Wolfson, 389-391 Security Outsourcing Solutions, 1115 Seduction Act of 1922 (Alberta), 176 Seeds of Distrust (Hager), 974-977 Selbekk, Vebjørn, 1075-1077 Seles, Monica, 814 Selig, Bud, 1058 Seligmann, Reade, 1086 Senate, U.S. See Congress, U.S. Sentelle, David B., 818 September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, 778, 906, 995, 1065, 1075, 1155-1158 Seven Days in May (Knebel and Bailey), 175 Sevigny, Chloë, 1004-1007 Sévigny, Pierre, 377-379 Sex. See Category Index Sex change. See Transsexualism Sex crimes. See Category Index Sexism. See Category Index under Social issues and reform Sexual harassment; and Kofi Annan, 1039-1041; and Benjamin Chavis, 821-823; and Bill Clinton, 820, 875; at military academies, 801-802, 991-994; in Navy, 784-788; and Bill O’Reilly, 1047-1049; and John Prescott, 1089-1091; and Arnold Schwarzenegger, 1016-1019; and Clarence Thomas, 768-772; in workplaces, 502 Sexual Sterilization Act of 1928 (Alberta), 133-136 Sexuality in film, 165 Shalala, Donna, 1141 Shanley, Paul, 954 Sharpton, Al, 702-705, 1142 Shattered Glass (film), 888 Shaw, Artie, 317 Shaw, Steven, 673 “Shawinigate,” 898-901 Sheehan, Neil, 416 Sheela, Ma Anand, 662-665 Sheldon, Jackie, 55-58 Shell crisis of 1915, 58-60 Sheppard, William Henry, 32 Sherwood, Carlton, 597-599 Shinto, Hisashi, 714-717 Short, Clare, 995-998 Shriver, Maria, 1016 Shuler, Robert P., 117 Siebert, Tara, 717-720 Siegelman, Don, 909 Signorini, Fernando, 816 Sikharulidze, Anton, 962-964 Silent Spring (Carson), 547 Sills, Beverly, 694 Silvey, Joyce, 509 Simple Life, The (television), 1020 Simpson, Nicole Brown, 806-809 Simpson, O. J., 806-812, 1129-1131 Simpson, Tom, 1103 Simpson, Wallis, 187-190, 196-198, 213 Sin, Jaime, 629 Sinatra, Frank, 329 Sinclair, Harry F., 95-99 Sindona, Michele, 591, 606-609 Singer, Isaac Merritt, 34 Singer, Paris, 34-36 Singer, Patrick, 34 Sirens (film), 827 Sisson, Edgar, 307-310 Sisson documents, 307-310 Six Crises (Nixon), 261 60 Minutes, 424, 436, 835, 888; Abu Ghraib prison, 1034-1038; Strom Thurmond, 1022-1024; Tobacco industry corruption, 833-836 60 Minutes II, 1063; George W. Bush, 1044-1046 Sixty-ninth Regiment Armory, 49 “Skategate,” 962-964 Skilling, Jeffrey, 945-948 SLA. See Symbionese Liberation Army Slaton, Lewis, 717 Slavery; African slave trade, 31; in Congo, 32; Jesse Jackson on, 634; in Liberia, 142-144, 1078-1080; and orphans, 893 Slaves in the Family (Ball), 521 Slotnick, Barry, 641 Smith, Jesse W., 92-95 Smith, Lonnie, 666 Smith, Thomas Daniel, 431 Smith, William Kennedy, 759-762, 866 SMU. See Southern Methodist University Smuts, Jan, 84 Snyder, John W., Jr., 785 Soap Box Derby, 444-446 Soccer, 815-818; game fixing, 55-58, 1055-1058, 1092-1094 Social issues and reform. See Category Index Social Text (journal), 837-840 Society for the Suppression of Vice, 122 Sohn, Lydia L., 980 Sokal, Alan, 837-840 “Soldiers Face Neglect, Frustration at Army’s Top Medical Facility” (February 18, 2007), 1139 Solomon, Paul M., 980 Soltysik, Patricia, 450 “Some People Push Back” (Ward Churchill), 1157 Sonderbund Exhibition, 49 Song My massacre, 401-404 Sorensen, Larry, 667 Sosa, Sammy, 1058 South Africa, 84, 543-545 South Korea. See Geographical Index Southern Methodist University football, 687-689 Soviet Union, 105-108, 167-169, 266, 307; atheism in, 465, 673; espionage, 347-349, 355-358, 377-379, 931-933; and space race, 320-321; and the Vatican, 353; wheat purchases, 501; World War II, 210 Spaak, Paul-Henri, 276-279 Space and aviation. See Category Index Spain, 136-139 Spanish Civil War, 559 Spano, John A., Jr., 901-903 Speak Out (television), 605 Speaker, Tris, 118-121 Special Committee on Un-American Activities, 248 Special Committee to Investigate Organized Crime in Interstate Commerce, 270-273 Spence, Wishart, 377 Spiegel, Der (magazine), 349-352, 504, 658, 1111 Spitzer, Eliot L., 1013-1016, 1050-1052, 1167-1170 Spitzer, Silda Wall, 1167 Spokane, Washington, 1081-1083 Sports. See Category Index; individual sports Sports Illustrated (magazine), 736, 942-943, 1002-1004 Sprague, Richard, 404 Sprague, Robert, 720-723 Springer, Jerry, 828 “Spygate,” 1161-1163 Spying. See Category Index under Espionage “Squidgygate,” 789-792 Stacpoole, Michael, 696-698 Stalin, Joseph, 106, 167-169; and picture forgery, 811 Stammberger, Wolfgang, 349 Standard and Poor’s, 1176 Standard Oil; campaign contributions, 1 Stanford, Karin, 895 Stanford University, 1102; King Papers Project, 739; prison experiment, 420-422 Stanley, David, 687 Stanley, Henry Morton, 31-33 Stansel, Mary E., 821 Stant, Shane, 812 Stark, Ray, 509 StarKist Canada, 660 Starr, Kenneth, 818-821, 874-878 State Department, U.S., 455; and “Bananagate,” 471-473; and Alger Hiss, 259-262; and “Koreagate,” 479, 481; and Joseph McCarthy, 266-270; and Peace Corps murder, 476-478 Stavisky, Alexandre, 170-172 Stearns, Cliff, 1116 Stein, Gertrude, 51 Stem cell research, 1094-1097 Stempel, Herb, 326-329 Stennis, John, 384 Stent, Julia, 798-800 Stern, David, 1172-1175 Stern, Der (magazine), 618-621 Stern, Howard, 828 Sternberg, Saul, 978 Stevenson, Andrew, 852 Stewart, Harold, 223-225 Stewart, Martha, 1031-1034 Stiglitz, Joseph E., 1176 Stimson, Henry L., 205 Stoker, Bram, 111-114 Stoker, Florence, 111-114 Stokes, Louis, 621 Stompanato, Johnny, 317-319 Stonehouse, John, 468-470 Stonewall Rebellion, 506 Storer, George, 335-337 Stramm, August, 76-79 Strauss, Franz Josef, 349-352 Street Betting Act of 1906, 56 Stringer, C. Vivian, 1142 Stuckle, Carla, 603-605 Studds, Gerry, 621-624 Subprime, definition of, 1136 Subprime mortgage industry, 1134-1138 “Subway Vigilante,” 641-644 Suer, Oral, 1028-1030 Suicide. See Category Index under Murder and suicide Sulfanilamide, 193-195 Sullivan, Joseph, 66 Sullivan, Shannon, 1081-1083 Superfund Act. See Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 Superfund Act of 1986, 617 Supreme Court, U.S., 47; Clinton impeachment, 877; Abe Fortas, 390-394; and Japanese American internment, 206; and Pentagon Papers, 417; and Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., 381; and “Scottsboro Boys,” 152-153; and Teapot Dome scandal, 98; Clarence Thomas, 768-772; and Watergate scandal, 429, 448. See also individual cases Supreme Court of Canada, 176, 378, 870 Supreme Court of the Philippines, 600-602 Surreal Life, The (television), 692 Surrealism, definition of, 148 Surrealist films, 136-139, 147-150 Surrealist painting, 138 Suskind, Richard, 422-425 Swaggart, Jimmy, 711-714, 1152 Swanson, Gloria, 127-130 Sweden, 263-265 Sweeney, Constance M., 954 Sweeney, James, 568 Sweet, Robert W., 1039 Swiss Bankers Association, 859 Switzerland. See Geographical Index Sykes, Roberta, 852 Symbionese Liberation Army, 450-453 Taft, William Howard, 46 Taguba, Antonio, 1034-1038 Taguba Report, 1036 Tailhook Association, 785, 991 Tailhook sexual assault scandal, 784-788 Takeoka, Toshiki, 919-921 Takeshita, Noboru, 714-717, 733-735 Talk shows, 583, 828, 1032; Don Imus, 1142-1144 Talmadge, Betty, 553 Talmadge, Herman E., 553-555 Talmadge, Robert S., 553 Tanaka, Kakuei, 482-485 Tanaka, Tsutomu, 398-400 Tardieu, André, 139-141 Tarleton, Donald, 511 Tarnower, Herman, 565-567 Tarriff Act of 1930, 164 Task Force Barker, 401 Tate, Sharon, 246, 522 Taung child, 292 Tax conspiracy, 310-313 Tax evasion, 84; Sherman Adams, 322; Adelphia Communications, 972; Spiro T. Agnew, 447, 449; Bobby Baker, 368; Dave Beck, 324; Earl Butz, 502; Cal Caprasso, 694; Clearstream Financial Clearinghouse, 925; Randall Cunningham, 1066; John De Lorean, 611; Leona Helmsley, 776-778; Kent Hovind, 1123-1126; Webster Hubbell, 819; Michael Milken, 728; Sun Myung Moon, 481; Tom Pendergast, 199-201; Pete Rose, 737; Irving Sachs, 312; Karlheinz Schreiber, 832 Taylor, Norman, 1028-1030 Taylor, Tony, 1158 Taylor, William Desmond, 73-76, 88 “Tea-rooming,” 407 Teamsters Union, 323-325 Teapot Dome scandal, 91, 95-99, 125 Tearoom Trade (Humphreys), 407-409 Teets, Peter B., 991 Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre, 293, 457 Television; game shows, 326-329 Temple, Tracey, 1089-1091 Tennis, 239-242, 588-591 Terboven, Josef, 226 Teti, Raffaello, 889 Thalidomide, 301-304 Thamel, Pete, 1101 Thatcher, Margaret, 645-647, 696, 792, 798; and Edwina Currie, 983; and Cecil Parkinson, 631-633; and Westland Aircraft, 645-647 Thaw, Harry Kendall, 16-19 Thomas, Clarence, 768-772 Thomas, Frank, 431 Thomas, J. Parnell, 248-250, 260 Thomas, James Henry, 181-184 Thomas, Sir Leslie, 181 Thompson, Frank, 561-562 Thompson, Hugh, Jr., 401 Thompson, Margaret W., 133 Thomsen, Ian, 942 Thornburgh, Dick, 684 Thorpe, Franklyn, 184-187 Thorpe, Jeremy, 531-534 Thrasher, Donald, 1020 Three Weeks (Glyn), 25-27 Thring, G. Herbert, 111 Thurmond, Strom, 384, 988-991, 1022-1024 Tidal Basin incident, 462-465 Tiedge, Hans-Joachim, 657-659 Tierney, Patrick, 910-912 Tilden, Bill, 239-242 Tillman, Benjamin, 3 Tillman Act of 1907, 3 Time magazine, 154, 289, 376, 526, 569, 740, 757; and Ted Haggard, 1127; “Man of the Year,” 209; and O. J. Simpson, 810-812; and Eliot Spitzer, 1050; and Whitewater investigation, 811 Times of London, 59, 293, 618, 983 Timony, James, 122 Tiriac, Ion, 916 Tisa, Benedict, 609 Tobacco industry corruption, 833-836 Tobias, Randall L., 1151 Todd, Thelma, 178-181 Tohoku Paleolithic Institute, 919-921 Tokes, Laszlo, 742-745 Tolstoy, Ilia, 130-133 Tomasz, 1084-1086 Tonga, 476-478 Tonight Show, The (television), 673-675, 828, 1017 Topping, Henry, 317 Torture, 340, 840, 922; Abu Ghraib prison, 1034-1038 Tour de France, 1103-1106 Tower, John, 384 Tower Commission, 678 Trade and commerce. See Category Index Trandahl, Jeff, 1118-1120 Transsexualism, 289-291 Treason; Charles and Fern Bedaux, 212-214; Alfred Dreyfus, 19-22; Errol Flynn, 559-561; Jane Fonda, 434-436; Knut Hamsun, 229-232; Robert Hanssen, 931-933; Pierre Laval, 209-211; Philippe Pétain, 232-236; Ezra Pound, 236-239; Vidkun Quisling, 226-229; and Der Spiegel, 349-352; Hans-Joachim Tiedge, 657-659 Treasury Department, U.S., 1176 Trevenar, Bert, 304-306 Trevor-Roper, Hugh, 618 Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire, 40-43, 219 Trindle, Renee, 991 Triola, Michelle, 540-542 Tripp, Linda, 874-878 Tri-State Crematory, 964-967 Trotsky, Leon, 106, 226 Truman, Harry S., 8, 989, 1023; and T. Lamar Caudle, 280; and Matthew J. Connelly, 310-313; and Douglas MacArthur, 175; and Joseph McCarthy, 266-270; and Thomas Joseph Pendergast, 199-201 Truman Committee, 311 Trungpa, Chögyam, 474-476 Tryforos, Lynne, 565 Tuberville, Tommy, 1101-1103 “Tunagate,” 660-662 Turcotte, Jean-Claude, 892-895 Turkey, 843-845 Turnbull, Sandy, 55 Turner, Lana, 317-319 Tuskegee Syphilis Study, 437-440 Twain, Mark, 33 Twenty-One (television), 326-329 291 Gallery, 49 Tyler, Nancy Carole, 365 Tyson, Mike, 703 Ueberroth, Peter, 556, 666-669, 737 Ullman, Harlan K., 1151 Ulmer, Walter F., 488 UMWA. See United Mine Workers of America U.N. See United Nations Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 521 Unification Church, 479, 939 Union of European Football Associations, 1093 United American Bank, 648-650 United Fruit Company, 471 United Mine Workers of America, 404-406 United Nations; Kofi Annan, 1039-1041; Convention Against Torture, 1037; and Liberia, 1080; Oil-for-Food Programme, 481, 1053-1055; and South Korea, 479; spying on, 995-998; Kurt Waldheim, 669-672 United Nations War Crimes Commission, 670 United Penn Bank, 637 United States. See Geographical Index United Way, 1028-1030 University of Alabama football, 1002-1004 University of Colorado, 1155-1158 University of Georgia, 389; basketball, 950, 968-970 University of Pittsburgh, 720-723 Uno, Sosuke, 733-735 Upton and the Army (Ambrose), 952 Us, Gonca, 843 Vander Schaaf, Derek, 785 Vassall, John, 347-349 Vatican Bank, 606-609 Vatican City, 353-355, 606-609 Vaughn, Kia, 1142 Velzen, Dick van, 927-930, 936-938 Venezuela measles epidemic, 910-912 Ver, Fabian, 628 Vermeersch, Arthur, 33 Veterans Bureau, 89-92, 95, 103 Vick, Michael, 1158-1161 Victor/Victoria (film), 612 Video evidence, 527, 562, 583, 674, 715, 920, 1008, 1077, 1088; and Marion Barry, 748-750; and Joe Biden, 698-701; and Paris Hilton, 1019-1021; and Michael Jackson, 1026; and William J. Jefferson, 1147-1150; and R. Kelly, 1170-1172; and Rob Lowe, 717-720; and McMartin Preschool, 625-626; and New England Patriots, 1161-1163; and Paul Reubens, 766 Viet Minh, 257-259 Vietnam. See Geographical Index Vietnam War, 257, 269, 362-365, 442, 490, 936, 1065; and Jane Fonda, 434-436; My Lai massacre, 401-404, 937; and Pentagon Papers, 416-419; protests against, 410-413 Vigilantism, 641-644 Vincent, Fay, 735-738 Violence. See also Category Index; types of violence Viridiana (film), 138, 149 Vitter, David, 1150-1153 Volcker, Paul, 858-861, 1053-1055 Volcker Commission, 858-861 Volkswagen, 860 Volstead Act of 1919, 93, 103-105 Von Eschenbach, Andrew C., 1097 Vorster, B. J., 543-545 Wade, Mitchell, 1064 Wagner, Robert F., 40-43 Wagner Act. See National Labor Relations Act of 1935 Wakeman, Nancy, 386-388 Wakeman, William T., 386-388 Waksal, Samuel D., 1031-1034 Waldheim, Kurt, 669-672 Wauòsa, Lech, 1111 Walker, Margaret, 520 Wall Street investment banks, 1176 Wallace, George, 604 Wallace, Mike, 424, 833-836 Wallonia, 276-279 Walsh, Matt, 1161 Walsh, Thomas J., 95 Walter Reed Army Hospital, 249, 1138-1142 Walters, Walter W., 156-160 Wanda Koolmatrie hoax, 852-854 Ward, Stephen, 355-358 Warner, Ed, 274 Warren, Earl, 380-383, 393 Washington, Claudell, 667 Washington, D.C.; Marion Barry, 748-750; Bonus Army, 156-160 Washington, George, 938 Washington Merry-Go-Round, 174, 248-250, 384-386 Washington Mutual, 1177 Washington Post, 97, 385, 463, 733, 801, 998, 1028; and Janet Cooke, 585-588; and Wayne L. Hays, 491-493; and Jesse Jackson, 633-636; and Rita Jenrette, 583; and Richard Nixon, 286, 425-431, 453-456; and organized crime, 271; Pentagon Papers, 417; and J. Parnell Thomas, 248-250; and Walter Reed Army Hospital, 1138-1142; and Watergate, 425-431; and Whitewater investigation, 818; and Jim Wright, 732 Washington-Williams, Essie Mae, 1022-1024 Watch and Ward Society, 26 Water Quality Act of 1987, 617 Watergate scandal, 312, 418-419, 425-431, 448, 482, 497; and Spiro T. Agnew, 449; and First Amendment, 418; and later reforms, 553 Watkins, Harold Cole, 193-195 Watkins, Sherron, 945-948 Wehner, Herbert, 503 Wehner, John, 626 Weida, John A., 1062-1064 Weidenreich, Franz, 292-295 Weidner, Clinton, 1072-1074 Weightman, George W., 1138-1142 Weinberg, Melvin, 561 Weinberger, Caspar, 676 Weiner, Joseph, 292 Weinstein, Bernard, 840 Weinstein, Michael L., 1062-1064 Welch, Joseph Nye, 266-270 Welles, Orson, 110, 165, 254 Wesson, Marianne, 1156 West, Enoch, 55 West, James E., 1081-1083 West, Mae, 122-124 West, Roland, 178-181 West Point, 173, 937; cheating scandal, 488-490 Westar Energy, 1072-1074 Western Defense Command, 205 Western State Hospital, 216 Westland Aircraft, 645-647 Westmoreland, William, 937 Whalen, Robert P., 546 Whaley, Arthur, 55 White, Kevin, 948 White, Stanford, 16-19 White-Slave Traffic Act of 1910. See Mann Act of 1910 White slavery, 52 Whitewater investigation, 818-821, 874 WHO. See World Health Organization Widnall, Sheila, 855-858 Wiesenthal, Simon, 669-672 Wigand, Jeffrey, 833-836 Wilcox, Breckenridge, 720 Wild Blue, The (Ambrose), 951-953 Wilhelm II. See William II Wilkes, Brent, 1064 William II, 9-12 Williams, Edward Bennett, 365, 368 Williams, George Washington, 32 Williams, Harrison A., 561 Williams, Lefty, 66-70 Williams, Vanessa, 382, 638-641 Wills, Frank, 425 Willson, Henry, 295-298 Wilson, David, 597 Wilson, Harold, 468-470 Wilson, Helen Dolan, 597 Wilson, Howard, 898-901 Wilson, Joseph, 1010-1013 Windsor, Duke of, 187-190, 196-198, 213 Witch hunts, 9, 627, 900 Witt, Robert, 1002-1004 Wittig, David, 1072-1074 WJC. See World Jewish Congress Wolf, Markus, 657 Wolfson, Louis, 389-391 Women’s issues. See Category Index Woodward, Arthur Smith, 292-295 Woodward, Bob, 425-431 Works Progress Administration, 248 World Cup, 815-818, 1055-1057, 1093 World Health Organization, 910 World Jewish Congress, 669, 858-861 World Jewish Restitution Organization, 859 World Trade Center, 1157 World War I, 84, 90, 93, 103, 139; and British royal family, 196-198; Canadian Expeditionary Force, 131; and Marie Curie, 38; and Alfred Dreyfus, 21; and European currencies, 64; and Leopold III, 277; and Douglas MacArthur, 173; and oil reserves, 96; and Russia, 309; Shell crisis, 58-60; veterans, 156-160, 174, 188; and William II, 9-12 World War II, 503-505; and British royal family, 189; and France, 209-211; German atrocities, 338; and Germany, 209-211; Japanese American internment, 205-209; and Carole Landis, 245; and Leopold III, 276; and Douglas MacArthur, 175; Nazi collaborators, 209-214, 226-236, 559-561, 1109-1112; and Pius XII, 353-355; and Ezra Pound, 236-239; in Southeast Asia, 257; Truman Committee, 311. See also Holocaust; Nazi collaborators and sympathizers Worldwide Church of God, 525-528 Wörner, Manfred, 503 “Wounded warriors,” 1140 Wright, Betty, 730 Wright, Jim, 730-732 Wright, Roy, 150-153 Wronker-Flatow, Manfred, 111 Yablonski, Joseph, 404-406 Yaeger, Don, 1002-1004 Yale University, 338, 705-708 Yamamoto, Taku, 1145 Yancy, Allen, 142-144 Yasui, Minoru, 205 Yasui v. United States (1943), 206 Yellow Robe, Chauncey, 130 Yeo, Tim, 798-800 Yoshinaga, Yusuke, 714-717 Young, Andrew, 634 Younger, George, 83 Zamsky, Linda, 933 Zedillo Ponce de Léon, Ernesto, 824-826 Zheng Xiaoyu, 1097-1100 Zigo, Marc, 855-858 Zihlman, Frederick N., 103 Zimbardo, Philip, 420-422 Zinovyev, Grigory Yevseyevich, 106, 108-111 Zinovyev letter; excerpt, 107 “Zippergate,” 874-878 Zola, Émile, 19-22 Zwicker, Ralph W., 266-270 ZZZZ Best Company, 708-710

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