  | ||
 For more information about the other Great Events from History sets, simply click here.
|
|
Great Events from History: The 20th Century, 1901-1940 Contents by Geographic Region Africa Dec. 19, 1901: Completion of the Mombasa-Lake Victoria Railway May 31, 1902: Treaty of Vereeniging Ends the Boer War June 6, 1903: Founding of the Weekly Indian Opinion Jan., 1904-1905: Herero and Nama Revolts Mar. 31, 1905: Tangier Crisis Dec. 21, 1908: Cairo University Is Inaugurated May 31, 1910: Formation of the Union of South Africa 1911-1912: Italy Annexes Libya Mar. 28, 1911: Baro-Kano Railroad Begins Operation in Nigeria Apr. 14, 1911: Lever Acquires Land Concession in the Belgian Congo July 1, 1911: Agadir Crisis Jan. 8, 1912: South African Native National Congress Meets Early 1920: Britain Represses Somali Rebellion 1920: Advisory Councils Give Botswana Natives Limited Representation Nov. 4, 1922: Carter Discovers the Tomb of Tutankhamen Oct. 1, 1923: Great Britain Grants Self-Government to Southern Rhodesia Summer, 1924: Dart Discovers the First Australopithecine Fossil Aug. 7, 1925: West African Student Union Is Founded Mar., 1928: Muslim Brotherhood Is Founded in Egypt Nov. 19, 1929: Serengeti Game Reserve Is Created Apr. 2, 1930: Haile Selassie Is Crowned Emperor of Ethiopia Dec. 11, 1931: Formation of the British Commonwealth of Nations 1932-1940: Development of Negritude July 17, 1936: Spanish Civil War Begins May 26, 1937: Egypt Joins the League of Nations Aug. 3, 1940-Mar., 1941: Italy Invades British Somaliland Sept. 13, 1940: Italy Invades Egypt Albania Apr. 7, 1939: Italy Invades and Annexes Albania Antarctica Dec. 2, 1911: Australasian Antarctic Expedition Commences Dec. 14, 1911: Amundsen Reaches the South Pole Arctic Apr. 6, 1909: Peary and Henson Reach the North Pole Argentina Dec., 1936: Inter-American Conference for the Maintenance of Peace Armenia Apr. 24, 1915: Armenian Genocide Begins Atlantic Ocean Apr. 14-15, 1912: Sinking of the Titanic May 7, 1915: German Torpedoes Sink the Lusitania May 20-21, 1932: First Transatlantic Solo Flight by a Woman Australia Jan. 1, 1901: Commonwealth of Australia Is Formed June 12, 1902: Australia Extends Suffrage to Women Mar., 1918-1919: Influenza Epidemic Strikes Nov. 20, 1920: Formation of Qantas Airlines 1921: First Woman Elected to Australian Parliament May 15, 1928: Australia Begins the Flying Doctor Service Dec. 11, 1931: Formation of the British Commonwealth of Nations Mar. 19, 1932: Dedication of the Sydney Harbour Bridge Sept. 17, 1938: First Grand Slam of Tennis Austria Early 20th cent.: Mahler Directs the Vienna Court Opera 1901: Discovery of Human Blood Groups 1902: Bateson Publishes Mendel's Principles of Heredity 1903: Hoffmann and Moser Found the Wiener Werkstätte 1904: Freud Advances the Psychoanalytic Method 1908-1909: Schoenberg Breaks with Tonality Oct. 7, 1908: Austria Annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina Aug. 7 and 12, 1912: Hess Discovers Cosmic Rays Oct. 18, 1912-Aug. 10, 1913: Balkan Wars 1913: Schick Introduces a Test for Diphtheria Mar. 31, 1913: Webern's Six Pieces for Large Orchestra Premieres June 28-Aug. 4, 1914: Outbreak of World War I 1921-1923: Schoenberg Develops His Twelve-Tone System 1922: First Meeting of the Vienna Circle July, 1929-July, 1931: Gödel Proves Incompleteness-Inconsistency for Formal Systems May 8, 1931: Credit-Anstalt Bank of Austria Fails May 27, 1931: Piccard Travels to the Stratosphere by Balloon Feb. 12-Apr. 10, 1938: The Anschluss Nov. 9-10, 1938: Kristallnacht Balkans Aug. 2-Sept., 1903: Ilinden Uprising in Macedonia 1906-1910: Oldham and Mohorovi{ccaron}i{cacute} Determine the Earth's Interior Structure Mar., 1907: Romanian Peasant Revolt Oct. 7, 1908: Austria Annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina Oct. 18, 1912-Aug. 10, 1913: Balkan Wars Dec. 1, 1918: Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes Declares Independence Oct. 23, 1925: Greece Invades Bulgaria Apr. 7, 1939: Italy Invades and Annexes Albania Belarus 1903-1906: Pogroms in Imperial Russia Mar. 3, 1918: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Belgium 1905: Hoffmann Designs the Palais Stoclet Nov. 1, 1908: Belgium Annexes the Congo 1927: Lemaître Proposes the Big Bang Theory Sept. 17, 1928: Oil Companies Cooperate in a Cartel Covering the Middle East Bohemia 1915: The Metamorphosis Anticipates Modern Feelings of Alienation Bolivia June 3-Aug. 28, 1929: Tacna-Arica Compromise Bosnia and Herzegovina Oct. 7, 1908: Austria Annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina Oct. 18, 1912-Aug. 10, 1913: Balkan Wars Botswana 1920: Advisory Councils Give Botswana Natives Limited Representation Bulgaria Oct. 18, 1912-Aug. 10, 1913: Balkan Wars Oct. 23, 1925: Greece Invades Bulgaria Burma Apr. 1, 1937: Britain Separates Burma from India Cambodia Sept., 1940: Japan Occupies Indochinese Ports Canada July 1, 1901: Canada Claims the Arctic Islands Dec. 12, 1901: First Transatlantic Telegraphic Radio Transmission 1904: Canadian Cultivation of Marquis Wheat July 11, 1905: Founding of the Niagara Movement Oct., 1909: Canada Cement Affair Prompts Legislative Reform 1911-1920: Borden Leads Canada Through World War I Sept. 20, 1917: Canadian Women Gain the Vote Dec. 6, 1917: Halifax Explosion Mar., 1918-1919: Influenza Epidemic Strikes 1919: Principles of Shortwave Radio Communication Are Discovered May 15-June 26, 1919: Winnipeg General Strike May 7, 1920: Group of Seven Exhibition July 10, 1920-Sept., 1926: Meighen Era in Canada 1921-1922: Banting and Best Isolate the Hormone Insulin 1921-1948: King Era in Canada Oct. 21, 1924: Halibut Treaty Oct. 29, 1929-1939: Great Depression May 30, 1930: Canadian National Parks Act Aug., 1930-1935: Bennett Era in Canada Sept. 8, 1930: Canada Enacts Depression-Era Relief Legislation Dec. 11, 1931: Formation of the British Commonwealth of Nations Dec. 11, 1931: Formation of the British Commonwealth of Nations May 20-21, 1932: First Transatlantic Solo Flight by a Woman July 18, 1932: St. Lawrence Seaway Treaty July 21-Aug. 21, 1932: Ottawa Agreements Aug. 1, 1932: Canada's First Major Socialist Movement Apr. 15, 1935: Arbitration Affirms National Responsibility for Pollution Oct. 23, 1935-Nov. 15, 1948: King Returns to Power in Canada Nov. 11, 1936: Reciprocal Trade Act Sept. 10, 1939: Canada Enters World War II Caribbean Feb. 4, 1901: Reed Reports That Mosquitoes Transmit Yellow Fever May 8, 1902: Mount Pelée Erupts May 22, 1903: Platt Amendment 1932-1940: Development of Negritude Chile 1901-1911: China Allows Some Western Reforms 1907: Plague Kills 1.2 Million in India June 3-Aug. 28, 1929: Tacna-Arica Compromise China Oct. 10, 1911: Sun Yixian Overthrows the Qing Dynasty May 4, 1919: May Fourth Movement Summer, 1923: Zdansky Discovers Peking Man 1926-1949: Chinese Civil War July, 1931: Yellow River Flood Oct. 16, 1934-Oct. 18, 1935: Mao's Long March July 7, 1937: China Declares War on Japan Fall, 1937-Winter, 1938: Weidenreich Reconstructs the Face of Peking Man Dec., 1937-Feb., 1938: Rape of Nanjing June 7, 1938: Chinese Forces Break Yellow River Levees Congo Apr. 14, 1911: Lever Acquires Land Concession in the Belgian Congo Corfu Aug. 27-Sept. 29, 1923: Corfu Crisis Croatia 1906-1910: Oldham and Mohorovi{ccaron}i{cacute} Determine the Earth's Interior Structure Dec. 1, 1918: Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes Declares Independence Cuba Feb. 4, 1901: Reed Reports That Mosquitoes Transmit Yellow Fever May 22, 1903: Platt Amendment Cyprus May 1, 1925: Cyprus Becomes a British Crown Colony Czechoslovakia 1915: The Metamorphosis Anticipates Modern Feelings of Alienation Dec. 21, 1918: Birth of Czechoslovakia 1921-1923: Hašek's The Good Soldier Švejk Reflects Postwar Disillusionment Denmark 1905: Hertzsprung Notes Relationship Between Star Color and Luminosity 1907: Hertzsprung Describes Giant and Dwarf Stellar Divisions 1909: Johannsen Coins the Terms "Gene," "Genotype," and "Phenotype" 1912-1913: Bohr Uses Quantum Theory to Identify Atomic Structure May 31-June 1, 1916: Battle of Jutland Feb.-Mar., 1927: Heisenberg Articulates the Uncertainty Principle 1936: Lehmann Discovers the Earth's Inner Core Djibouti Aug. 3, 1940-Mar., 1941: Italy Invades British Somaliland East Asia 1901-1911: China Allows Some Western Reforms Feb. 9, 1904-Sept. 5, 1905: Russo-Japanese War 1907: Plague Kills 1.2 Million in India Mar. 14, 1907: Gentlemen's Agreement Aug. 22, 1910: Japanese Annexation of Korea 1911: Hashimoto Founds the Nissan Motor Company Oct. 10, 1911: Sun Yixian Overthrows the Qing Dynasty June 28, 1914-Nov. 11, 1918: World War I Mar., 1918-1919: Influenza Epidemic Strikes May 4, 1919: May Fourth Movement Summer, 1923: Zdansky Discovers Peking Man Sept. 1, 1923: Earthquake Rocks Japan May 5, 1925: Japan Introduces Suffrage for Men 1926-1949: Chinese Civil War July, 1931: Yellow River Flood Oct. 16, 1934-Oct. 18, 1935: Mao's Long March Nov., 1934: Yukawa Proposes the Existence of Mesons Dec. 29, 1934: Japan Renounces Disarmament Treaties Nov. 25, 1936: Germany and Japan Sign the Anti-Comintern Pact July 7, 1937: China Declares War on Japan Fall, 1937-Winter, 1938: Weidenreich Reconstructs the Face of Peking Man Dec., 1937-Feb., 1938: Rape of Nanjing June 7, 1938: Chinese Forces Break Yellow River Levees Aug., 1940: Japan Announces the Greater East Asia Coprosperity Sphere Sept., 1940: Japan Occupies Indochinese Ports Egypt Dec. 21, 1908: Cairo University Is Inaugurated Nov. 4, 1922: Carter Discovers the Tomb of Tutankhamen Mar., 1928: Muslim Brotherhood Is Founded in Egypt May 26, 1937: Egypt Joins the League of Nations Sept. 13, 1940: Italy Invades Egypt El Salvador Jan.-Feb., 1932: El Salvador's Military Massacres Civilians England 1901: Hopkins Announces the Discovery of Tryptophan 1901-1904: Kipping Discovers Silicones Aug. 30, 1901: Booth Receives Patent for the Vacuum Cleaner Dec. 12, 1901: First Transatlantic Telegraphic Radio Transmission 1902: Heart of Darkness Critiques Imperialism 1902: Hobson Critiques Imperialism Jan. 30, 1902: Anglo-Japanese Treaty Brings Japan into World Markets Mar. and June, 1902: Kennelly and Heaviside Theorize Existence of the Ionosphere Apr., 1902: Rhodes Scholarships Are Instituted Apr.-June, 1902: Bayliss and Starling Establish the Role of Hormones June 16, 1902: Russell Discovers the "Great Paradox" Sept. 27, 1902: Tobacco Companies Unite to Split World Markets 1903: Shaw Articulates His Philosophy in Man and Superman 1903-1957: Vaughan Williams Composes His Nine Symphonies Oct. 10, 1903: Pankhursts Found the Women's Social and Political Union Apr. 8, 1904: Entente Cordiale Nov. 16, 1904: Fleming Patents the First Vacuum Tube 1905: Punnett's Mendelism Includes Diagrams Showing Heredity 1906: Barkla Discovers the Characteristic X Rays of the Elements 1906: Bateson and Punnett Observe Gene Linkage 1906: Hopkins Postulates the Presence of Vitamins 1906: Publication of The English Hymnal 1906-1910: Oldham and Mohorovi{ccaron}i{cacute} Determine the Earth's Interior Structure Feb. 12, 1906: Establishment of the British Labour Party Oct. 6, 1906: Launching of the Dreadnought 1907: Haldane Develops Stage Decompression for Deep-Sea Divers Aug., 1907: Baden-Powell Establishes the Boy Scouts Aug. 31, 1907: Formation of the Triple Entente 1908: Hardy and Weinberg Present a Model of Population Genetics Feb. 11, 1908: Geiger and Rutherford Develop a Radiation Counter Feb. 29, 1908: Cadillac Demonstrates Interchangeable Parts Dec. 3, 1908: Elgar's First Symphony Premieres to Acclaim Apr., 1909-Aug., 1911: Parliament Act Redefines British Democracy July 25, 1909: First Airplane Flight Across the English Channel 1910: Angell Advances Pacifism 1910: Thomson Confirms the Possibility of Isotopes 1910-1913: Principia Mathematica Defines the Logistic Movement July 1, 1911: Agadir Crisis Sept. 4-15, 1911: Students Challenge Corporal Punishment in British Schools Dec. 31, 1911: Parliament Nationalizes the British Telephone System 1912-1915: X-Ray Crystallography Is Developed by the Braggs Mar. 7, 1912: Rutherford Describes the Atomic Nucleus Spring, 1912: Pound Announces the Birth of the Imagist Movement 1914: Rutherford Discovers the Proton June 28-Aug. 4, 1914: Outbreak of World War I Sept. 15, 1914: Irish Home Rule Bill Dec. 8, 1915: Poppies Become a Symbol for Fallen Soldiers Apr. 24-29, 1916: Easter Rebellion May 31-June 1, 1916: Battle of Jutland 1917-1970: Pound's Cantos Is Published Nov. 2, 1917: Balfour Declaration Supports a Jewish Homeland in Palestine Feb. 6, 1918: British Women Gain the Vote 1919: Aston Builds the First Mass Spectrograph and Discovers Isotopes 1919: Principles of Shortwave Radio Communication Are Discovered Nov. 6, 1919: Einstein's Theory of Gravitation Is Confirmed over Newton's Theory 1920: The Mysterious Affair at Styles Introduces Hercule Poirot 1920-1921: Ireland Is Granted Home Rule and Northern Ireland Is Created 1920-1924: Melville Is Rediscovered as a Major American Novelist 1920-1925: Great Britain Establishes Unemployment Benefits Apr. 26, 1920: Great Britain and France Sign the San Remo Agreement 1921: Wittgenstein Emerges as an Important Philosopher 1922: Eliot Publishes The Waste Land June, 1922: New Wimbledon Tennis Stadium Is Dedicated 1923-1939: Cambridge Ancient History Appears Mar., 1924: Eddington Formulates the Mass-Luminosity Law for Stars Sept. 1, 1924: Dawes Plan 1925: Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway Explores Women's Consciousness May 1, 1925: Cyprus Becomes a British Crown Colony Aug. 7, 1925: West African Student Union Is Founded Sept. 30, 1925: Chesterton Critiques Modernism and Defends Christianity May 3-12, 1926: British Workers Launch General Strike July, 1926: Eddington Publishes The Internal Constitution of the Stars Aug. 6, 1926: Ederle Swims the English Channel Jan. 1, 1927: British Broadcasting Corporation Is Chartered 1928-1932: Szent-Györgyi Discovers Vitamin C July 2, 1928: Great Britain Lowers the Voting Age for Women Sept., 1928: Fleming Discovers Penicillin in Molds Sept. 17, 1928: Oil Companies Cooperate in a Cartel Covering the Middle East Aug., 1930: Lambeth Conference Allows Artificial Contraception Sept., 1930: Auden's Poems Speak for a Generation 1931-1935: Chandrasekhar Calculates the Upper Limit of a White Dwarf Star's Mass Dec. 11, 1931: Formation of the British Commonwealth of Nations Feb., 1932: Chadwick Discovers the Neutron Apr., 1932: Cockcroft and Walton Split the Atom Winter, 1932: Huxley's Brave New World Forecasts Technological Totalitarianism Fall, 1933-Oct. 20, 1949: Lewis Convenes the Inklings 1934: Toynbee's Metahistorical Approach Sparks Debate 1934-1935: Hitchcock Becomes Synonymous with Suspense 1935: Chapman Determines the Lunar Atmospheric Tide at Moderate Latitudes 1935: Penguin Develops a Line of Paperback Books 1935-1936: Turing Invents the Universal Turing Machine July, 1935: Tansley Proposes the Term "Ecosystem" Jan. 26, 1936: Tudor's Jardin aux lilas Premieres in London Feb. 4, 1936: Keynes Proposes Government Management of the Economy Nov. 2, 1936: BBC Airs the First High-Definition Television Program Dec. 10, 1936: Edward VIII Abdicates the British Throne Mar., 1937: Krebs Describes the Citric Acid Cycle Sept., 1937: Tolkien Redefines Fantasy Literature 1938: Callendar Connects Industry with Increased Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Sept. 17, 1938: First Grand Slam of Tennis 1940-1941: Moore's Subway Sketches Record War Images May, 1940: Florey and Chain Develop Penicillin as an Antibiotic July 10-Oct. 31, 1940: Battle of Britain Dec., 1940: Koestler Examines the Dark Side of Communism Estonia Feb. 24, 1918-Aug. 11, 1920: Baltic States Gain Independence Ethiopia Apr. 2, 1930: Haile Selassie Is Crowned Emperor of Ethiopia Europe June 28-Aug. 4, 1914: Outbreak of World War I June 28, 1914-Nov. 11, 1918: World War I Mar., 1918-1919: Influenza Epidemic Strikes 1919: Principles of Shortwave Radio Communication Are Discovered 1934-1945: Radar Is Developed Finland July 20, 1906: Finland Grants Women Suffrage Apr. 3, 1911: Sibelius Conducts the Premiere of His Fourth Symphony Dec. 6, 1917-Oct. 14, 1920: Finland Gains Independence 1937-1938: Aalto Designs Villa Mairea Nov. 30, 1939-Mar. 12, 1940: Russo-Finnish War France 1902: Carrel Rejoins Severed Blood Vessels Aug., 1902: A Trip to the Moon Introduces Special Effects July 1, 1903: First Tour de France 1904-1912: Brandenberger Invents Cellophane Apr. 8, 1904: Entente Cordiale Apr. 18, 1904: L'Humanité Gives Voice to French Socialist Politics May 18, 1904: International Agreement Targets White Slave Trade Fall, 1905: Stein Holds Her First Paris Salons Oct., 1905: Fauves Exhibit at the Salon d'Automne 1906: Fréchet Introduces the Concept of Abstract Space 1906-1907: Artists Find Inspiration in African Tribal Art June 26-27, 1906: First Grand Prix Auto Race 1907: Bergson's Creative Evolution Inspires Artists and Thinkers 1907: Lumières Develop Color Photography Aug. 31, 1907: Formation of the Triple Entente Summer, 1908: Salon d'Automne Rejects Braque's Cubist Works Nov.-Dec., 1908: Ehrlich and Metchnikoff Conduct Pioneering Immunity Research Dec., 1908: Boule Reconstructs the First Neanderthal Skeleton Feb. 20, 1909: Marinetti Issues the Futurist Manifesto May 19, 1909: Diaghilev's Ballets Russes Astounds Paris June 2, 1909: Fokine's Les Sylphides Introduces Abstract Ballet July 25, 1909: First Airplane Flight Across the English Channel Spring, 1910: Poiret's Hobble Skirt Becomes the Rage June 25, 1910: The Firebird Premieres in Paris July 1, 1911: Agadir Crisis May 29, 1912: L'Après-midi d'un faune Scandalizes Parisian Audiences 1913: Apollinaire Defines Cubism 1913: Duchamp's "Readymades" Redefine Art 1913-1927: Proust Publishes Remembrance of Things Past Jan. 17, 1913: Fabry Quantifies Ozone in the Upper Atmosphere May 29, 1913: The Rite of Spring Stuns Audiences June 28-Aug. 4, 1914: Outbreak of World War I Sept. 5-9, 1914: First Battle of the Marne Oct., 1915-Mar., 1917: Langevin Develops Active Sonar Oct. 21, 1915: First Demonstration of Transatlantic Radiotelephony Feb. 21-Dec. 18, 1916: Battle of Verdun July, 1916: Fayol Publishes General and Industrial Management 1917-1970: Pound's Cantos Is Published Oct. 15, 1917: France Executes Mata Hari Sept. 26-Nov. 11, 1918: Meuse-Argonne Offensive Jan. 19-21, 1919: Paris Peace Conference Addresses Protection for Minorities Apr. 28, 1919: League of Nations Is Established June 28, 1919: International Labor Organization Is Established June 28, 1919: Treaty of Versailles Sept. 10, 1919: Saint-Germain-en-Laye Convention Attempts to Curtail Slavery 1920's: Chanel Defines Modern Women's Fashion Jan. 16, 1920: Formation of Les Six Apr. 26, 1920: Great Britain and France Sign the San Remo Agreement Dec. 29, 1920: Rise of the French Communist Party 1921: Boulanger Takes Copland as a Student 1921: Man Ray Creates the Rayograph 1921: Tuberculosis Vaccine BCG Is Developed Feb. 2, 1922: Joyce's Ulysses Redefines Modern Fiction 1923: De Broglie Explains the Wave-Particle Duality of Light Jan. 11, 1923-Aug. 16, 1924: France Occupies the Ruhr Oct. 18, 1923: Stravinsky Completes His Wind Octet Jan. 25-Feb. 5, 1924: First Winter Olympic Games Sept. 1, 1924: Dawes Plan Oct., 1924: Surrealism Is Born 1925: Gide's The Counterfeiters Questions Moral Absolutes 1925-1927: Gance's Napoléon Revolutionizes Filmmaking Techniques May-June, 1925: Paris Exhibition Defines Art Deco May 17, 1925: Thérèse of Lisieux Is Canonized Oct.-Dec., 1925: Baker Dances in La Revue nègre Oct. 22, 1926: Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises Speaks for the Lost Generation May 17, 1927: Monet's Water Lilies Are Shown at the Musée de L'Orangerie May 20, 1927: Lindbergh Makes the First Nonstop Transatlantic Flight 1928: Buñuel and Dalí Champion Surrealism in An Andalusian Dog Aug. 27, 1928: Kellogg-Briand Pact 1929-1940: Maginot Line Is Built 1930: Lyot's Coronagraph Allows Observation of the Sun's Outer Atmosphere Spring, 1931: Le Corbusier's Villa Savoye Exemplifies Functionalist Architecture 1932: Céline's Journey to the End of the Night Expresses Interwar Cynicism 1932: Gilson's Spirit of Medieval Philosophy Reassesses Christian Thought 1932-1940: Development of Negritude July 3, 1932: Jooss's Antiwar Dance The Green Table Premieres 1933-1934: First Artificial Radioactive Element Is Developed Dec. 8, 1933: Canonization of Bernadette Soubirous Feb. 6, 1934: Stavisky Riots Sept. 1, 1934: Miller's Tropic of Cancer Stirs Controversy Jan., 1935: Schiaparelli's Boutique Mingles Art and Fashion 1936-1946: France Nationalizes Its Banking and Industrial Sectors 1937: Prouvé Pioneers Architectural Prefabrication 1937-1939: Renoir's Films Explore Social and Political Themes July, 1937: Picasso Exhibits Guernica Oct., 1937: The Diary of a Country Priest Inspires American Readers July 6-15, 1938: Evian Conference Sept. 17, 1938: First Grand Slam of Tennis 1939: Bourbaki Group Publishes Éléments de mathématique May 10-June 22, 1940: Collapse of France May 26-June 4, 1940: Evacuation of Dunkirk Sept. 12, 1940: Lascaux Cave Paintings Are Discovered French Guiana 1932-1940: Development of Negritude Gambia Aug. 7, 1925: West African Student Union Is Founded Germany Early 20th cent.: Elster and Geitel Study Radioactivity 1901: Creation of the First Synthetic Vat Dye Dec. 10, 1901: Röntgen Wins the Nobel Prize for the Discovery of X Rays 1902: Bateson Publishes Mendel's Principles of Heredity 1902: Zsigmondy Invents the Ultramicroscope 1904: First Practical Photoelectric Cell Is Developed 1904: Hartmann Discovers the First Evidence of Interstellar Matter 1904-1905: Weber Posits the "Protestant Ethic" 1904-1908: Haber Develops Process for Extracting Nitrogen from the Air 1904-1908: Zermelo Undertakes Comprehensive Axiomatization of Set Theory 1905: Introduction of the First Injectable Anesthetic Summer, 1905: Avant-Garde Artists Form Die Brücke Nov. 24, 1905: Reinhardt Becomes Director of the Deutsches Theater Dec. 9, 1905: Strauss's Salome Shocks Audiences 1906: Anschütz-Kaempfe Invents the First Practical Gyrocompass Jan. 11, 1906: Founding of the Monist League Leads to the Eugenics Movement Aug. 4, 1906: First German U-Boat Is Launched 1907: Meinecke Advances the Analytic Method in History 1907: Publication of Busoni's Sketch for a New Aesthetic of Music Aug. 31, 1907: Formation of the Triple Entente Oct., 1907: Deutscher Werkbund Is Founded 1908: Hardy and Weinberg Present a Model of Population Genetics Nov.-Dec., 1908: Ehrlich and Metchnikoff Conduct Pioneering Immunity Research 1909: Mecklenburg-Schwerin Admits Women to University Education 1909: Steinitz Inaugurates Modern Abstract Algebra Oct., 1909: Completion of the AEG Turbine Factory Apr., 1910: Ehrlich Introduces Salvarsan as a Cure for Syphilis July 1, 1911: Agadir Crisis Sept., 1911: Der Blaue Reiter Abandons Representation in Art Nov. 20, 1911: Mahler's Masterpiece Das Lied von der Erde Premieres 1912: Kandinsky Publishes His Theory of Abstract Art Jan., 1912: Wegener Proposes the Theory of Continental Drift 1913: Gutenberg Discovers Earth's Mantle-Outer Core Boundary 1913: Hertzsprung Uses Cepheid Variables to Calculate Distances to the Stars 1913: Husserl Advances Phenomenology 1913: Salomon Develops Mammography June 28-Aug. 4, 1914: Outbreak of World War I Sept. 22, 1914: Germany Begins Extensive Submarine Warfare Jan. 19, 1915: Germany Launches the First Zeppelin Bombing Raids Apr. 22-27, 1915: Germany Uses Poison Gas Against Allied Troops May, 1915: Fokker Aircraft Are Equipped with Machine Guns Nov. 25, 1915: Einstein Completes His Theory of General Relativity 1916: Schwarzschild Solves the Equations of General Relativity May 31-June 1, 1916: Battle of Jutland Aug., 1916: Hindenburg Program Militarizes the German Economy 1918: Noether Shows the Equivalence of Symmetry and Conservation 1918-1919: Germans Revolt and Form a Socialist Government Mar. 3, 1918: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Summer, 1918: Rise of Cultural Relativism Revises Historiography 1919: German Artists Found the Bauhaus 1919: Mises Develops the Frequency Theory of Probability 1919: Principles of Shortwave Radio Communication Are Discovered 1919-1933: Racist Theories Aid Nazi Rise to Political Power Jan. 15, 1919: Assassination of Rosa Luxemburg Spring, 1919: Frisch Discovers That Bees Communicate Through Body Movements July 31, 1919: Weimar Constitution 1920: Premiere of The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari 1921: Noether Publishes the Theory of Ideals in Rings Mar. 20, 1921: Plebiscite Splits Upper Silesia Between Poland and Germany 1923: Buber Breaks New Ground in Religious Philosophy 1923: Germans Barter for Goods in Response to Hyperinflation Jan. 11, 1923-Aug. 16, 1924: France Occupies the Ruhr Nov. 8, 1923: Beer Hall Putsch 1924: Mann's The Magic Mountain Reflects European Crisis Mar. 31, 1924: Formation of the Blue Four Advances Abstract Painting Sept. 1, 1924: Dawes Plan 1925: New Objectivity Movement Is Introduced Spring, 1925: Pauli Formulates the Exclusion Principle Apr., 1925-May, 1927: German Expedition Discovers the Mid-Atlantic Ridge July 18, 1925-Dec. 11, 1926: Mein Kampf Outlines Nazi Thought Dec. 14, 1925: Berg's Wozzeck Premieres in Berlin 1927: Heidegger Publishes Being and Time 1927: Lang Expands the Limits of Filmmaking with Metropolis July 17, 1927: Brecht and Weill Collaborate on the Mahagonny Songspiel Summer, 1928: Gamow Explains Radioactive Alpha Decay with Quantum Tunneling 1929-1938: Berger Studies the Human Electroencephalogram 1929-1940: Maginot Line Is Built Jan., 1929: All Quiet on the Western Front Stresses the Futility of War Winter, 1929-1930: Schmidt Invents the Corrector for the Schmidt Camera and Telescope 1930's: Hindemith Advances Music as a Social Activity Apr., 1931: First Electron Microscope Is Constructed May 27, 1931: Piccard Travels to the Stratosphere by Balloon 1932-1935: Domagk Discovers That Sulfonamides Can Save Lives Jan. 30, 1933: Hitler Comes to Power in Germany Feb. 27, 1933: Reichstag Fire Mar., 1933: Nazi Concentration Camps Begin Operating Mar. 23, 1933: Enabling Act of 1933 June 30-July 2, 1934: Great Blood Purge 1936: Müller Invents the Field Emission Microscope Mar. 7, 1936: German Troops March into the Rhineland Aug. 1-16, 1936: Germany Hosts the Summer Olympics Nov. 25, 1936: Germany and Japan Sign the Anti-Comintern Pact July 19-Nov. 30, 1937: Nazi Germany Hosts the Degenerate Art Exhibition Feb. 12-Apr. 10, 1938: The Anschluss Sept. 29-30, 1938: Munich Conference Nov. 9-10, 1938: Kristallnacht Dec., 1938: Hahn Splits the Uranium Atom 1939-1945: Nazi Extermination of the Jews Aug. 23-24, 1939: Nazi-Soviet Pact Sept. 1, 1939: Germany Invades Poland Apr. 9, 1940: Germany Invades Norway May 10-June 22, 1940: Collapse of France May 16, 1940-1944: Gypsies Are Exterminated in Nazi Death Camps July 10-Oct. 31, 1940: Battle of Britain Ghana Aug. 7, 1925: West African Student Union Is Founded Greece Oct. 18, 1912-Aug. 10, 1913: Balkan Wars Aug. 27-Sept. 29, 1923: Corfu Crisis Oct. 23, 1925: Greece Invades Bulgaria Hungary 1904-1905: Bartók and Kodály Collect Hungarian Folk Songs June 28-Aug. 4, 1914: Outbreak of World War I Nov. 16, 1919: Horthy Consolidates Power in Hungary 1928-1932: Szent-Györgyi Discovers Vitamin C India Dec. 30, 1906: Muslim League Protests Government Abuses of Minority Rights in India 1907: Plague Kills 1.2 Million in India Mar., 1915: Defense of India Act Impedes the Freedom Struggle Apr. 13, 1919: British Soldiers Massacre Indians at Amritsar 1920-1922: Gandhi Leads a Noncooperation Movement Aug., 1921: Moplah Rebellion 1925-1935: Women's Rights in India Undergo a Decade of Change Mar. 12-Apr. 5, 1930: Gandhi Leads the Salt March 1931-1935: Chandrasekhar Calculates the Upper Limit of a White Dwarf Star's Mass Mar. 5, 1931: India Signs the Delhi Pact Sept. 25, 1932: Poona Pact Grants Representation to India's Untouchables Apr. 1, 1937: Britain Separates Burma from India Indochina Sept., 1940: Japan Occupies Indochinese Ports Indonesia 1901: Grijns Suggests the Cause of Beriberi Iran Jan., 1902: French Expedition at Susa Discovers Hammurabi's Code Oct., 1906-Oct., 1907: Persia Adopts a Constitution May 26, 1908: Oil Is Discovered in Persia 1925-1979: Pahlavi Shahs Attempt to Modernize Iran Iraq May-Nov., 1920: Great Iraqi Revolt July 18, 1926: Treaty of Ankara Aug. 11-13, 1933: Iraqi Army Slaughters Assyrian Christians Ireland Dec. 27, 1904: Abbey Theatre Heralds the Celtic Revival Nov. 28, 1905: Sinn Féin Is Founded Jan. 26, 1907: The Playboy of the Western World Offends Irish Audiences Sept. 15, 1914: Irish Home Rule Bill Apr. 24-29, 1916: Easter Rebellion 1917: Yeats Publishes The Wild Swans at Coole 1920: The Mysterious Affair at Styles Introduces Hercule Poirot 1920-1921: Ireland Is Granted Home Rule and Northern Ireland Is Created Dec. 11, 1931: Formation of the British Commonwealth of Nations Mar. 9, 1932: De Valera Is Elected President of the Irish Dáil May 20-21, 1932: First Transatlantic Solo Flight by a Woman Dec. 10, 1936: Edward VIII Abdicates the British Throne Italy 1902: Levi Recognizes the Axiom of Choice in Set Theory Apr. 11, 1902: Caruso Records for the Gramophone and Typewriter Company Aug. 9, 1903: Pius X Becomes Pope 1906: Pareto Analyzes the Distribution of Wealth Dec. 28, 1908: Earthquake and Tsunami Devastate Sicily 1911-1912: Italy Annexes Libya 1911-1923: Rilke's Duino Elegies Redefines Poetics June 7, 1912: Pope Pius X Condemns Slavery 1913: First Geothermal Power Plant Begins Operation 1917-1970: Pound's Cantos Is Published Apr. 26, 1920: Great Britain and France Sign the San Remo Agreement May 16, 1920: Canonization of Joan of Arc May 10, 1921: Pirandello's Six Characters in Search of an Author Premieres Apr. 16, 1922: Treaty of Rapallo Oct. 24-30, 1922: Mussolini's "March on Rome" 1925-1926: Mussolini Seizes Dictatorial Powers in Italy May 17, 1925: Thérèse of Lisieux Is Canonized Feb. 11, 1929: Lateran Treaty Jan. 23, 1933: Italy Creates the Industrial Reconstruction Institute Nov.-Dec., 1933: Fermi Proposes the Neutrino Theory of Beta Decay Dec. 8, 1933: Canonization of Bernadette Soubirous Oct. 11, 1935-July 15, 1936: League of Nations Applies Economic Sanctions Against Italy Oct. 11, 1935-July 15, 1936: League of Nations Applies Economic Sanctions Against Italy Jan.-Sept., 1937: Segrè Identifies the First Artificial Element Mar. 14, 1937: Pius XI Urges Resistance Against Nazism Mar. 2, 1939: Pius XII Becomes Pope Apr. 7, 1939: Italy Invades and Annexes Albania Aug. 3, 1940-Mar., 1941: Italy Invades British Somaliland Japan Feb. 9, 1904-Sept. 5, 1905: Russo-Japanese War Mar. 14, 1907: Gentlemen's Agreement 1911: Hashimoto Founds the Nissan Motor Company June 28, 1914-Nov. 11, 1918: World War I Sept. 1, 1923: Earthquake Rocks Japan May 5, 1925: Japan Introduces Suffrage for Men Nov., 1934: Yukawa Proposes the Existence of Mesons Dec. 29, 1934: Japan Renounces Disarmament Treaties Nov. 25, 1936: Germany and Japan Sign the Anti-Comintern Pact July 7, 1937: China Declares War on Japan Aug., 1940: Japan Announces the Greater East Asia Coprosperity Sphere Sept., 1940: Japan Occupies Indochinese Ports Java 1901: Grijns Suggests the Cause of Beriberi Kenya Dec. 19, 1901: Completion of the Mombasa-Lake Victoria Railway Korea Feb. 9, 1904-Sept. 5, 1905: Russo-Japanese War Aug. 22, 1910: Japanese Annexation of Korea Laos Sept., 1940: Japan Occupies Indochinese Ports Latin America Nov. 3, 1903: Panama Declares Independence from Colombia Nov. 18, 1903: U.S. Acquisition of the Panama Canal Zone 1904-1905: Gorgas Develops Effective Methods of Mosquito Control Summer, 1904: Construction Begins on the Panama Canal Mid-Oct., 1910-Dec. 1, 1920: Mexican Revolution July 24, 1911: Bingham Discovers Machu Picchu Aug. 4-Nov., 1912: U.S. Intervention in Nicaragua Aug. 15, 1914: Panama Canal Opens Mar. 15, 1916-Feb. 5, 1917: Pershing Expedition Jan. 31, 1917: Mexican Constitution Establishes an Advanced Labor Code Mar., 1918-1919: Influenza Epidemic Strikes Dec. 14, 1922: Oil Is Discovered in Venezuela Mar. 31, 1924: Formation of the Blue Four Advances Abstract Painting June 3-Aug. 28, 1929: Tacna-Arica Compromise Jan.-Feb., 1932: El Salvador's Military Massacres Civilians Mar. 4, 1933-1945: Good Neighbor Policy Feb. 17, 1936: Corporatism Comes to Paraguay Dec., 1936: Inter-American Conference for the Maintenance of Peace Mar. 18, 1938: Mexico Nationalizes Foreign Oil Properties 1940: García Lorca's Poet in New York Is Published Latvia Feb. 24, 1918-Aug. 11, 1920: Baltic States Gain Independence Libya 1911-1912: Italy Annexes Libya Lithuania 1903-1906: Pogroms in Imperial Russia Feb. 24, 1918-Aug. 11, 1920: Baltic States Gain Independence Macedonia Aug. 2-Sept., 1903: Ilinden Uprising in Macedonia Oct. 18, 1912-Aug. 10, 1913: Balkan Wars Manchuria Feb. 9, 1904-Sept. 5, 1905: Russo-Japanese War July 7, 1937: China Declares War on Japan Martinique May 8, 1902: Mount Pelée Erupts 1932-1940: Development of Negritude Mexico Mid-Oct., 1910-Dec. 1, 1920: Mexican Revolution Mar. 15, 1916-Feb. 5, 1917: Pershing Expedition Jan. 31, 1917: Mexican Constitution Establishes an Advanced Labor Code Mar. 31, 1924: Formation of the Blue Four Advances Abstract Painting Mar. 18, 1938: Mexico Nationalizes Foreign Oil Properties 1940: García Lorca's Poet in New York Is Published Moldovia 1903-1906: Pogroms in Imperial Russia Mongolia 1923: Andrews Expedition Discovers the First Fossilized Dinosaur Eggs Montenegro Oct. 18, 1912-Aug. 10, 1913: Balkan Wars Morocco Mar. 31, 1905: Tangier Crisis July 1, 1911: Agadir Crisis July 17, 1936: Spanish Civil War Begins Namibia Jan., 1904-1905: Herero and Nama Revolts Netherlands 1902: Bateson Publishes Mendel's Principles of Heredity 1904: Kapteyn Discovers Two Star Streams in the Galaxy 1904-1907: Brouwer Develops Intuitionist Foundations of Mathematics 1905: Einthoven Begins Clinical Studies with Electrocardiography Oct. 18, 1907: Second Hague Peace Conference Feb. 23, 1912: International Opium Convention Is Signed Apr. 28-May 1, 1915: International Congress of Women 1917: De Stijl Advocates Mondrian's Neoplasticism 1918-1919: Rietveld Designs the Red-Blue Chair Dec. 13, 1920: Permanent Court of International Justice Is Established 1927: Oort Proves the Spiral Structure of the Milky Way New Zealand May 14, 1907: Formation of the Plunket Society July 10, 1912: Massey Is Elected Prime Minister of New Zealand Mar., 1918-1919: Influenza Epidemic Strikes Dec. 11, 1931: Formation of the British Commonwealth of Nations Nov. 27, 1935: New Zealand's First Labour Party Administration Nicaragua Aug. 4-Nov., 1912: U.S. Intervention in Nicaragua Nigeria Mar. 28, 1911: Baro-Kano Railroad Begins Operation in Nigeria Aug. 7, 1925: West African Student Union Is Founded North Pole Apr. 6, 1909: Peary and Henson Reach the North Pole Norway Dec. 10, 1901: First Nobel Prizes Are Awarded Oct. 26, 1905: Norway Becomes Independent 1919-1921: Bjerknes Discovers Fronts in Atmospheric Circulation Dec. 10, 1922: Nansen Wins the Nobel Peace Prize Aug. 14, 1925: Norway Annexes Svalbard Apr. 9, 1940: Germany Invades Norway Ottoman Empire Aug. 2-Sept., 1903: Ilinden Uprising in Macedonia July 24, 1908: Young Turks Stage a Coup in the Ottoman Empire Oct. 18, 1912-Aug. 10, 1913: Balkan Wars Nov. 5, 1914: British Mount a Second Front Against the Ottomans Feb. 19, 1915-Jan. 9, 1916: Gallipoli Campaign Falters Apr. 24, 1915: Armenian Genocide Begins May 19, 1919-Sept. 11, 1922: Greco-Turkish War May 1, 1925: Cyprus Becomes a British Crown Colony Palestine 1909: First Kibbutz Is Established in Palestine July 24, 1922: League of Nations Establishes Mandate for Palestine Aug. 23, 1929: Western Wall Riots Apr. 15, 1936-1939: Great Uprising of Arabs in Palestine Panama Nov. 3, 1903: Panama Declares Independence from Colombia Nov. 18, 1903: U.S. Acquisition of the Panama Canal Zone 1904-1905: Gorgas Develops Effective Methods of Mosquito Control Summer, 1904: Construction Begins on the Panama Canal Aug. 15, 1914: Panama Canal Opens Paraguay Feb. 17, 1936: Corporatism Comes to Paraguay Peru July 24, 1911: Bingham Discovers Machu Picchu June 3-Aug. 28, 1929: Tacna-Arica Compromise Philippines 1902: Philippines Ends Its Uprising Against the United States Mar. 24, 1934: Philippine Independence Act Poland Mar. 18, 1921: Poland Secures Independence Mar. 20, 1921: Plebiscite Splits Upper Silesia Between Poland and Germany May 12-15, 1926: Pi{lstrok}sudski Seizes Power in Poland Oct. 5, 1938: Death of Maria Faustina Kowalska 1939-1945: Nazi Extermination of the Jews Aug. 23-24, 1939: Nazi-Soviet Pact Sept. 1, 1939: Germany Invades Poland Apr.-May, 1940: Soviets Massacre Polish Prisoners of War May 16, 1940-1944: Gypsies Are Exterminated in Nazi Death Camps Portugal Oct. 5, 1910: Republic of Portugal Is Proclaimed May 13-Oct. 17, 1917: Marian Apparitions in Fátima, Portugal Nov.-Dec., 1935: Egas Moniz Develops the Prefrontal Lobotomy Rhodesia Oct. 1, 1923: Great Britain Grants Self-Government to Southern Rhodesia Romania Mar., 1907: Romanian Peasant Revolt Russia 1901: Ivanov Develops Artificial Insemination 1902-1903: Pavlov Develops the Concept of Reinforcement 1903: Tsiolkovsky Proposes Using Liquid Oxygen for Space Travel 1903-1906: Pogroms in Imperial Russia Feb. 9, 1904-Sept. 5, 1905: Russo-Japanese War Dec. 26, 1904: Duncan Interprets Chopin in Her Russian Debut 1905: Singer Begins Manufacturing Sewing Machines in Russia Jan. 22, 1905: Bloody Sunday Oct. 30, 1905: October Manifesto 1906: Markov Discovers the Theory of Linked Probabilities May 10-July 21, 1906: First Meeting of the Duma 1907: Famine Strikes Russia Aug. 31, 1907: Formation of the Triple Entente Dec. 22, 1907: Pavlova Performs The Dying Swan Oct. 3, 1908: First Issue of Pravda Appears Mar. 15, 1911: Scriabin's Prometheus Premieres in Moscow Sept. 14, 1911: Assassination of Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin June 28-Aug. 4, 1914: Outbreak of World War I June 28, 1914-Nov. 11, 1918: World War I Dec. 17, 1915: Malevich Introduces Suprematism 1916: Completion of the Trans-Siberian Railroad Jan.-June, 1916: Lenin Critiques Modern Capitalism 1917-1918: Bolsheviks Suppress the Russian Orthodox Church 1917-1920: Ukrainian Nationalists Struggle for Independence 1917-1924: Russian Communists Inaugurate the Red Terror Mar.-Nov., 1917: Lenin Leads the Russian Revolution Nov. 6-7, 1917: Bolsheviks Mount the October Revolution Dec. 6, 1917-Oct. 14, 1920: Finland Gains Independence 1918-1921: Russian Civil War Mar. 3, 1918: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Feb. 1, 1919: Lenin Approves the First Soviet Nature Preserve Mar. 2-6, 1919: Lenin Establishes the Comintern 1921-1923: Famine in Russia Claims Millions of Lives Mar., 1921: Lenin Announces the New Economic Policy 1924: Soviets Establish a Society for the Protection of Nature 1925: Eisenstein's Potemkin Introduces New Film Editing Techniques 1926: Vernadsky Publishes The Biosphere 1927: Kuleshov and Pudovkin Introduce Montage to Filmmaking May 18, 1928: Shakhty Case Debuts Show Trials in Moscow Summer, 1928: Gamow Explains Radioactive Alpha Decay with Quantum Tunneling Oct. 1, 1928: Stalin Introduces Central Planning 1929-1930: The Bedbug and The Bathhouse Exemplify Revolutionary Theater Jan., 1929: Trotsky Is Sent into Exile Apr. 23, 1932: Stalin Restricts Soviet Composers Apr. 23, 1932-Aug., 1934: Socialist Realism Is Mandated in Soviet Literature 1934: Discovery of the Cherenkov Effect 1934: Soviet Union Bans Abstract Art Dec., 1934: Stalin Begins the Purge Trials Jan. 28, 1936: Soviets Condemn Shostakovich's Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District Jan., 1938: Kapitsa Explains Superfluidity Summer, 1939: Stalin Suppresses the Russian Orthodox Church Aug. 23-24, 1939: Nazi-Soviet Pact Nov. 30, 1939-Mar. 12, 1940: Russo-Finnish War Apr.-May, 1940: Soviets Massacre Polish Prisoners of War Saudi Arabia 1912-1929: Wahh{amacr}b{imacr}ism Strengthens in Saudi Arabia Mar. 3, 1938: Rise of Commercial Oil Industry in Saudi Arabia Scotland 1902: Heart of Darkness Critiques Imperialism 1920: The Mysterious Affair at Styles Introduces Hercule Poirot Dec. 10, 1936: Edward VIII Abdicates the British Throne Senegal 1932-1940: Development of Negritude Serbia Oct. 18, 1912-Aug. 10, 1913: Balkan Wars Dec. 1, 1918: Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes Declares Independence Sierra Leone Aug. 7, 1925: West African Student Union Is Founded Slovenia Dec. 1, 1918: Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes Declares Independence Somalia Early 1920: Britain Represses Somali Rebellion Aug. 3, 1940-Mar., 1941: Italy Invades British Somaliland South Africa May 31, 1902: Treaty of Vereeniging Ends the Boer War June 6, 1903: Founding of the Weekly Indian Opinion May 31, 1910: Formation of the Union of South Africa Jan. 8, 1912: South African Native National Congress Meets Summer, 1924: Dart Discovers the First Australopithecine Fossil Dec. 11, 1931: Formation of the British Commonwealth of Nations South Asia Dec. 30, 1906: Muslim League Protests Government Abuses of Minority Rights in India 1907: Plague Kills 1.2 Million in India Mar., 1915: Defense of India Act Impedes the Freedom Struggle Apr. 13, 1919: British Soldiers Massacre Indians at Amritsar 1920-1922: Gandhi Leads a Noncooperation Movement Aug., 1921: Moplah Rebellion 1925-1935: Women's Rights in India Undergo a Decade of Change Mar. 12-Apr. 5, 1930: Gandhi Leads the Salt March 1931-1935: Chandrasekhar Calculates the Upper Limit of a White Dwarf Star's Mass Mar. 5, 1931: India Signs the Delhi Pact Sept. 25, 1932: Poona Pact Grants Representation to India's Untouchables Apr. 1, 1937: Britain Separates Burma from India South Pole Dec. 2, 1911: Australasian Antarctic Expedition Commences Southeast Asia 1901: Grijns Suggests the Cause of Beriberi 1902: Philippines Ends Its Uprising Against the United States Mar., 1918-1919: Influenza Epidemic Strikes Mar. 24, 1934: Philippine Independence Act Apr. 1, 1937: Britain Separates Burma from India Sept., 1940: Japan Occupies Indochinese Ports Soviet Union June 28, 1914-Nov. 11, 1918: World War I Dec., 1932-Spring, 1934: Great Famine Strikes the Soviet Union Aug. 2, 1933: Soviets Open the White Sea-Baltic Canal Nov. 16, 1933: United States Recognizes Russia's Bolshevik Regime Spain Mar. 31, 1905: Tangier Crisis 1910: Gaudí Completes the Casa Milá Apartment House Oct. 30, 1914: Spain Declares Neutrality in World War I Apr. 14, 1931: Second Spanish Republic Is Proclaimed July 17, 1936: Spanish Civil War Begins Aug. 2-18, 1936: Claretian Martyrs Are Executed in Spain Apr. 26, 1937: Raids on Guernica Sweden Dec. 10, 1903: Becquerel Wins the Nobel Prize for Discovering Natural Radioactivity Oct. 26, 1905: Norway Becomes Independent Dec. 10, 1906: Thomson Wins the Nobel Prize for Discovering the Electron Jan. 21, 1908: The Ghost Sonata Influences Modern Theater and Drama May 5-July 27, 1912: Stockholm Hosts the Summer Olympics 1921: Sweden Abolishes Capital Punishment 1924: Svedberg Develops the Ultracentrifuge Dec. 10, 1928: Undset Accepts the Nobel Prize in Literature Dec. 10, 1938: Buck Receives the Nobel Prize in Literature Switzerland Mar., 1905: Einstein Describes the Photoelectric Effect Fall, 1905: Einstein States His Theory of Special Relativity 1906-1913: Willstätter Discovers the Composition of Chlorophyll Sept. 19, 1906: Bern Convention Prohibits Night Work for Women 1911-1923: Rilke's Duino Elegies Redefines Poetics 1912: Jung Publishes The Psychology of the Unconscious Sept. 5-8, 1915, and Apr. 24-30, 1916: Zimmerwald and Kienthal Conferences 1916: Dada Movement Emerges at the Cabaret Voltaire June 17, 1925: Geneva Protocol Is Signed Oct., 1925: Germany Attempts to Restructure the Versailles Treaty Sept. 25, 1926: League of Nations Adopts International Slavery Convention 1930's: Jung Develops Analytical Psychology Feb. 24, 1933: Japan Withdraws from the League of Nations Oct. 11, 1935-July 15, 1936: League of Nations Applies Economic Sanctions Against Italy June 2, 1937: Berg's Lulu Opens in Zurich 1938: Hofmann Synthesizes the Potent Psychedelic Drug LSD-25 Apr., 1938: Cerletti and Bini Use Electroshock to Treat Schizophrenia 1939: Müller Discovers the Insecticidal Properties of DDT Tanganyika Nov. 19, 1929: Serengeti Game Reserve Is Created Tibet Sept. 7, 1904: Lhasa Convention Is Signed in Tibet Dec. 17, 1933: End of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama's Rule Turkey Aug. 2-Sept., 1903: Ilinden Uprising in Macedonia July 24, 1908: Young Turks Stage a Coup in the Ottoman Empire Oct. 18, 1912-Aug. 10, 1913: Balkan Wars Nov. 5, 1914: British Mount a Second Front Against the Ottomans Feb. 19, 1915-Jan. 9, 1916: Gallipoli Campaign Falters Apr. 24, 1915: Armenian Genocide Begins May 19, 1919-Sept. 11, 1922: Greco-Turkish War May 1, 1925: Cyprus Becomes a British Crown Colony Uganda Dec. 19, 1901: Completion of the Mombasa-Lake Victoria Railway Ukraine 1903-1906: Pogroms in Imperial Russia Sept. 14, 1911: Assassination of Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin 1917-1920: Ukrainian Nationalists Struggle for Independence 1925: Eisenstein's Potemkin Introduces New Film Editing Techniques United States 1901: Hewitt Invents the Mercury-Vapor Lamp 1901-1925: Teletype Is Developed Jan., 1901: American Bowling Club Hosts Its First Tournament Jan. 10, 1901: Discovery of Oil at Spindletop Feb. 26, 1901: Morgan Assembles the World's Largest Corporation May 27, 1901: Insular Cases Aug. 30, 1901: Booth Receives Patent for the Vacuum Cleaner Sept. 14, 1901: Theodore Roosevelt Becomes U.S. President 1902: Carrel Rejoins Severed Blood Vessels 1902: Cement Manufacturers Agree to Cooperate on Pricing 1902: James Proposes a Rational Basis for Religious Experience 1902: Johnson Duplicates Disc Recordings 1902: McClung Contributes to the Discovery of the Sex Chromosome 1902-1913: Tiffany Leads the Art Nouveau Movement in the United States Jan. 1, 1902: First Rose Bowl Game Feb. 17, 1902: Stieglitz Organizes the Photo-Secession Mar. and June, 1902: Kennelly and Heaviside Theorize Existence of the Ionosphere Mar. 4, 1902: American Automobile Association Is Established May 12-Oct. 23, 1902: Anthracite Coal Strike June 2, 1902-May 31, 1913: Expansion of Direct Democracy June 17, 1902: Reclamation Act Promotes Western Agriculture Aug. 12, 1902: Founding of International Harvester Company Sept. 27, 1902: Tobacco Companies Unite to Split World Markets Dec., 1902: Sutton Proposes That Chromosomes Carry Hereditary Traits Dec. 2-5, 1902: Founding of the International Sanitary Bureau 1903: Delaware Revises Corporation Laws 1903: Scott Publishes The Theory of Advertising 1903-1904: Hale Establishes Mount Wilson Observatory Jan. 5, 1903: Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock Feb. 14, 1903: Creation of the U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor Feb. 23, 1903: U.S. Supreme Court Upholds Federal Powers to Regulate Commerce Mar. 14, 1903: First U.S. National Wildlife Refuge Is Established May, 1903: Roosevelt and Muir Visit Yosemite May 23, 1903: Wisconsin Adopts the First Primary Election Law Fall, 1903: Gillette Markets the First Razor with a Disposable Blade Fall, 1903: The Great Train Robbery Introduces New Editing Techniques Oct. 1-13, 1903: Baseball Holds Its First World Series Nov., 1903: Henry James's The Ambassadors Is Published Dec. 17, 1903: Wright Brothers' First Flight Mar. 14, 1904: U.S. Supreme Court Rules Against Northern Securities Apr.-May, 1904: Sherrington Clarifies the Role of the Nervous System Nov. 7, 1904: Cohan's Little Johnny Jones Premieres 1905: Baker Establishes the 47 Workshop at Harvard 1905-1907: Baekeland Invents Bakelite 1905-1907: Boltwood Uses Radioactivity to Determine Ages of Rocks Jan. 3, 1905: Pinchot Becomes Head of the U.S. Forest Service Jan. 5, 1905: National Audubon Society Is Established Jan. 30, 1905: U.S. Supreme Court Upholds Prosecution of the Beef Trust Feb. 23, 1905: First American Service Organization Is Founded Apr. 17, 1905: U.S. Supreme Court Strikes Down Maximum Hours Law June, 1905: First Nickelodeon Film Theater Opens June 27, 1905: Founding of Industrial Workers of the World July 11, 1905: Founding of the Niagara Movement Aug., 1905: Lowell Predicts the Existence of Pluto Aug.-Dec., 1905: Armstrong Committee Examines the Insurance Industry Dec., 1905: Crile Performs the First Direct Blood Transfusion 1906: Cottrell Invents the Electrostatic Precipitation Process Jan. 12, 1906: American College Football Allows the Forward Pass Feb., 1906: Sinclair Publishes The Jungle Spring, 1906: Lee Establishes the Field of Public Relations Apr., 1906-1908: Azusa Street Revival Apr. 18, 1906: San Francisco Earthquake June 27-29, 1906: International Association for the Prevention of Smoke Is Founded June 30, 1906: Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act Oct. 25, 1906: Japan Protests Segregation of Japanese in California Schools Dec. 24, 1906: Fessenden Pioneers Radio Broadcasting 1907: Publication of James's Pragmatism Jan. 16, 1907-Feb. 14, 1912: Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Arizona Become U.S. States Mar. 14, 1907: Gentlemen's Agreement Mar. 19, 1907-Apr., 1914: Publication of The Catholic Encyclopedia Spring, 1907: Development of Nerve Fibers Is Observed Oct.-Nov., 1907: Panic of 1907 Oct. 22, 1907: Ringling Bros. Buys Barnum and Bailey Circus 1908: Chlorination of the U.S. Water Supply Begins 1908: Hughes Revolutionizes Oil Well Drilling 1908-1915: Morgan Develops the Gene-Chromosome Theory Jan. 11, 1908: Roosevelt Withdraws the Grand Canyon from Mining Claims Jan. 27, 1908: U.S. Supreme Court Ruling Allows Yellow-Dog Contracts Feb. 3, 1908: Danbury Hatters Decision Constrains Secondary Boycotts Feb. 24, 1908: Muller v. Oregon Apr. 8, 1908: Harvard University Founds a Business School May 13-15, 1908: Conference on the Conservation of Natural Resources June 26, 1908: Hale Discovers Strong Magnetic Fields in Sunspots July 26, 1908: Bureau of Investigation Begins Operation Nov. 28, 1908: Christian Science Monitor Is Founded Dec. 26, 1908: First Black Heavyweight Boxing Champion 1909-1913: United States Begins "Dollar Diplomacy" 1909-1929: Pickford Reigns as "America's Sweetheart" Jan.-Aug., 1909: Millikan Conducts His Oil-Drop Experiment Feb. 12, 1909: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Is Founded Mar., 1909-1912: Republican Congressional Insurgency Mar. 4, 1909: U.S. Congress Updates Copyright Law Aug. 5, 1909: Tariff Act of 1909 Limits Corporate Privacy Aug. 19, 1909: First Auto Race at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway 1910's: Garbage Industry Introduces Reforms 1910's: Handy Ushers in the Commercial Blues Era 1910: Electric Washing Machine Is Introduced 1910: Euthenics Calls for Pollution Control 1910: Rous Discovers That Some Cancers Are Caused by Viruses 1910: Steinmetz Warns of Pollution in "The Future of Electricity" 1910-1930: Great Northern Migration Apr. 5, 1910: First Morris Plan Bank Opens July 1, 1910: U.S. Bureau of Mines Is Established Nov. 25, 1910: Carnegie Establishes the Endowment for International Peace 1911: Boas Publishes The Mind of Primitive Man Mar. 25, 1911: Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire May 15, 1911: U.S. Supreme Court Establishes the "Rule of Reason" May 29, 1911: U.S. Supreme Court Breaks Up the American Tobacco Company Fall, 1911: Sturtevant Produces the First Chromosome Map 1912: Grey's Riders of the Purple Sage Launches the Western Genre 1912: Slipher Obtains the Spectrum of a Distant Galaxy 1912-1914: Abel Develops the First Artificial Kidney Mar. 3, 1912: Leavitt Discovers How to Measure Galactic Distances Spring, 1912: Pound Announces the Birth of the Imagist Movement Apr. 9, 1912: Children's Bureau Is Founded June 4, 1912: Massachusetts Adopts the First Minimum Wage Law in the United States Aug., 1912: Sennett Defines Slapstick Comedy Aug. 14, 1912: U.S. Public Health Service Is Established Oct., 1912: Harriet Monroe Founds Poetry Magazine Oct. 12, 1912: First Conference of the Society of American Indians Nov. 5, 1912: Wilson Is Elected U.S. President 1913: Edison Shows the First Talking Pictures 1913: Fuller Brush Company Is Incorporated Jan., 1913: Burton Refines Petroleum with Thermal Cracking Feb. 17-Mar. 15, 1913: Armory Show Feb. 25, 1913: U.S. Federal Income Tax Is Authorized Mar. 1, 1913: Ford Assembly Line Begins Operation Mar. 4, 1913: Migratory Bird Act May 14, 1913: Rockefeller Foundation Is Founded May 20, 1913: Passage of the First Alien Land Law Aug., 1913: Advertisers Adopt a Truth-in-Advertising Code Sept., 1913: Anti-Defamation League Is Founded Nov. 5, 1913: Completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct Dec., 1913: Russell Announces His Theory of Stellar Evolution Dec. 19, 1913: U.S. Congress Approves a Dam in Hetch Hetchy Valley Dec. 23, 1913: Federal Reserve Act 1914: U.S. Government Begins Using Cost-Plus Contracts Jan. 5, 1914: Ford Announces a Five-Dollar, Eight-Hour Workday Feb. 13, 1914: ASCAP Forms to Protect Writers and Publishers of Music Mar., 1914: Gilbreth Publishes The Psychology of Management June 28-Aug. 4, 1914: Outbreak of World War I June 28, 1914-Nov. 11, 1918: World War I Sept. 1, 1914: Last Passenger Pigeon Dies Sept. 26, 1914: Federal Trade Commission Is Organized Oct. 15, 1914: Clayton Antitrust Act Oct. 15, 1914: Labor Unions Win Exemption from Antitrust Laws Nov. 7, 1914: Lippmann Helps to Establish The New Republic 1915: Merrill Lynch & Company Is Founded 1915-1919: National Birth Control League Forms Jan. 25, 1915: First Transcontinental Telephone Call Is Made Mar. 3, 1915: Griffith Releases The Birth of a Nation May 20, 1915: Corning Glass Works Trademarks Pyrex Summer, 1915: Denishawn School of Dance Opens Sept., 1915-Feb., 1916: McLean Discovers the Natural Anticoagulant Heparin Oct. 21, 1915: First Demonstration of Transatlantic Radiotelephony 1916: Dewey Applies Pragmatism to Education 1916: Ives Completes His Fourth Symphony June 5, 1916: Brandeis Becomes the First Jewish Supreme Court Justice July, 1916: New York City Institutes a Comprehensive Zoning Law Aug. 25, 1916: National Park Service Is Created Sept. 8, 1916: United States Establishes a Permanent Tariff Commission Sept. 11, 1916: First Self-Service Grocery Store Opens Sept. 19, 1916: American Institute of Accountants Is Founded Oct. 16, 1916: First American Birth Control Clinic Opens Nov. 7, 1916: First Woman Is Elected to the U.S. Congress 1917: American Farmers Increase Insecticide Use 1917: Birdseye Invents Quick-Frozen Foods 1917: National Woman's Party Is Founded 1917-1970: Pound's Cantos Is Published Feb. 5, 1917: Immigration Act of 1917 Feb. 26, 1917: Mount McKinley National Park Is Created Mar. 2, 1917: Jones Act of 1917 Apr. 6, 1917: United States Enters World War I Apr. 13, 1917: U.S. Curtails Civil Liberties During World War I Apr. 30, 1917: Formation of the American Friends Service Committee May, 1917: Universal Negro Improvement Association Establishes a U.S. Chapter June, 1917: First Pulitzer Prizes Are Awarded June 15, 1917, and May 16, 1918: Espionage and Sedition Acts July 8, 1917: United States Establishes the War Industries Board Sept. 15, 1917: Forbes Magazine Is Founded Oct. 3, 1917: U.S. Congress Imposes a Wartime Excess-Profits Tax Nov., 1917: Hooker Telescope Is Installed on Mount Wilson 1918: Cather's My Ántonia Promotes Regional Literature Jan. 8, 1918: Shapley Proves the Sun Is Distant from the Center of Our Galaxy Mar., 1918-1919: Influenza Epidemic Strikes July 3, 1918: Migratory Bird Treaty Act Nov., 1918-June, 1920: Demobilization of U.S. Forces After World War I Nov. 5, 1918-Nov. 2, 1920: Republican Resurgence Ends America's Progressive Era 1919: Founding of the World Christian Fundamentals Association 1919: German Artists Found the Bauhaus 1919: Principles of Shortwave Radio Communication Are Discovered 1919-1920: Ponzi Cheats Thousands in an Investment Scheme Mar. 15-May 9, 1919: Formation of the American Legion May 20, 1919: National Parks and Conservation Association Is Founded Aug., 1919-May, 1920: Red Scare Sept. 22, 1919-Jan. 8, 1920: Steelworkers Strike for Improved Working Conditions Oct. 1-9, 1919: Black Sox Scandal Early 1920's: Slipher Presents Evidence of Redshifts in Galactic Spectra 1920's: Donham Promotes the Case Study Teaching Method at Harvard 1920's: Harlem Renaissance 1920's: Jantzen Popularizes the One-Piece Bathing Suit 1920's: Radio Develops as a Mass Broadcast Medium 1920-1924: Melville Is Rediscovered as a Major American Novelist 1920-1930: Millikan Investigates Cosmic Rays Jan. 3, 1920: New York Yankees Acquire Babe Ruth Jan. 16, 1920-Dec. 5, 1933: Prohibition Jan. 19, 1920: American Civil Liberties Union Is Founded Feb. 14, 1920: League of Women Voters Is Founded Feb. 25, 1920: Mineral Act Regulates Public Lands Mar. 1, 1920: United States v. United States Steel Corporation July, 1920: Procter & Gamble Announces Plans to Sell Directly to Retailers Aug. 20-Sept. 17, 1920: Formation of the American Professional Football Association Aug. 20-Nov. 2, 1920: Radio Broadcasting Begins Aug. 26, 1920: U.S. Women Gain the Right to Vote Sept. 8, 1920: U.S. Post Office Begins Transcontinental Airmail Delivery Dec. 13, 1920: Michelson Measures the Diameter of a Star Dec. 29, 1920: General Motors Institutes a Multidivisional Structure 1921: Larson Constructs the First Modern Polygraph 1921: Wittgenstein Emerges as an Important Philosopher 1921-1923: Scandals of the Harding Administration 1921-1923: Schoenberg Develops His Twelve-Tone System 1921-1924: Ku Klux Klan Spreads Terror in the American South May 19, 1921: Emergency Quota Act Sept. 8, 1921: First Miss America Is Crowned Nov. 11, 1921: Harding Eulogizes the Unknown Soldier Nov. 11-13, 1921, and Mar. 25-31, 1925: Sanger Organizes Conferences on Birth Control Nov. 12, 1921-Feb. 6, 1922: Washington Disarmament Conference Nov. 23, 1921-June 30, 1929: Sheppard-Towner Act 1922: First Major U.S. Shopping Center Opens 1922: McCollum Names Vitamin D and Pioneers Its Use Against Rickets Jan., 1922: Izaak Walton League Is Formed Feb., 1922: Reader's Digest Is Founded Sept. 22, 1922: Cable Act Nov. 13, 1922: Ozawa v. United States 1923: A. C. Nielsen Company Pioneers in Marketing and Media Research 1923: Discovery of the Compton Effect 1923: Federal Power Commission Disallows Kings River Dams 1923: Kahn Develops a Modified Syphilis Test 1923: The Ten Commandments Advances American Film Spectacle Feb. 15, 1923: Bessie Smith Records "Downhearted Blues" Mar. 3, 1923: Luce Founds Time Magazine Mar. 5, 1923: Nevada and Montana Introduce Old-Age Pensions Mar. 14, 1923: American Management Association Is Established Apr. 9, 1923: U.S. Supreme Court Rules Against Minimum Wage Laws June 26, 1923: Oklahoma Imposes Martial Law in Response to KKK Violence Oct., 1923: Teapot Dome Scandal Dec. 10, 1923: Proposal of the Equal Rights Amendment Dec. 29, 1923: Zworykin Applies for Patent on an Early Type of Television 1924: Hubble Determines the Distance to the Andromeda Nebula 1924: Steenbock Discovers Sunlight Increases Vitamin D in Food 1924: U.S. Government Loses Its Suit Against Alcoa 1924-1932: Hawthorne Studies Examine Human Productivity 1924-1976: Howard Hughes Builds a Business Empire Feb., 1924: IBM Changes Its Name and Product Line Feb. 12, 1924: Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue Premieres in New York Mar. 31, 1924: Formation of the Blue Four Advances Abstract Painting May 21, 1924: Farmers Dynamite the Los Angeles Aqueduct May 26, 1924: Immigration Act of 1924 May 28, 1924: U.S. Congress Establishes the Border Patrol June 2, 1924: Indian Citizenship Act June 3, 1924: Gila Wilderness Area Is Designated June 7, 1924: Oil Pollution Act Sets Penalties for Polluters Sept. 1, 1924: Dawes Plan Oct. 21, 1924: Halibut Treaty Nov. 4, 1924: Coolidge Is Elected U.S. President Dec., 1924: Hubble Shows That Other Galaxies Are Independent Systems Dec. 4, 1924: Von Stroheim's Silent Masterpiece Greed Premieres Dec. 10, 1924: Hoover Becomes the Director of the U.S. Bureau of Investigation 1925: The City Initiates the Study of Urban Ecology 1925: Cranbrook Academy Promotes the Arts and Crafts Movement 1925: Hamilton Publishes Industrial Poisons in the United States 1925: McKinsey Founds a Management Consulting Firm 1925: Sears, Roebuck Opens Its First Retail Outlet 1925: Whipple Discovers Importance of Iron for Red Blood Cells Jan. 1, 1925: Bell Labs Is Formed Jan. 5, 1925: First Female Governor in the United States Feb. 2, 1925: U.S. Congress Authorizes Private Carriers for Airmail Feb. 21, 1925: Ross Founds The New Yorker Feb. 28, 1925: Corrupt Practices Act Limits Political Contributions Apr. 10, 1925: Fitzgerald Captures the Roaring Twenties in The Great Gatsby June 26, 1925: Chaplin Produces His Masterpiece The Gold Rush July 10-21, 1925: Scopes Trial Nov., 1925: Armstrong Records with the Hot Five Nov. 28, 1925: WSM Launches The Grand Ole Opry 1926-1927: Mail-Order Clubs Revolutionize Book Sales Mar. 16, 1926: Launching of the First Liquid-Fueled Rocket May, 1926: Durant Publishes The Story of Philosophy May 20, 1926: Air Commerce Act Creates a Federal Airways System May 20, 1926: Railway Labor Act Provides for Mediation of Labor Disputes Aug., 1926-Sept., 1928: Warner Bros. Introduces Talking Motion Pictures Sept. 9, 1926: National Broadcasting Company Is Founded Oct. 22, 1926: Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises Speaks for the Lost Generation Dec., 1926: Keaton's The General Is Released 1927: Lemaître Proposes the Big Bang Theory 1927: Number of U.S. Automakers Falls to Forty-Four 1927: U.S. Food and Drug Administration Is Established Feb. 21, 1927: Eastman Kodak Is Found to Be in Violation of the Sherman Act Feb. 25, 1927: McFadden Act Regulates Branch Banking May, 1927: Indiana Dunes Are Preserved as a State Park May 20, 1927: Lindbergh Makes the First Nonstop Transatlantic Flight Aug. 4, 1927: Rodgers Cuts His First Record for RCA Victor Aug. 23, 1927: Sacco and Vanzetti Are Executed Oct. 6, 1927: The Jazz Singer Premieres as the First "Talkie" Dec. 4, 1927: Ellington Begins Performing at the Cotton Club Dec. 27, 1927: Show Boat Is the First American Musical to Emphasize Plot 1928: Bush Builds the First Differential Analyzer 1928: Smith-Hoover Campaign 1928-1932: Szent-Györgyi Discovers Vitamin C Jan., 1928: Papanicolaou Develops a Test for Diagnosing Uterine Cancer Mar. 19, 1928: Amos 'n' Andy Radio Show Goes on the Air May 11, 1928: Sound Technology Revolutionizes the Motion-Picture Industry Aug., 1928: Mead Publishes Coming of Age in Samoa 1929: Baylor Plan Introduces Prepaid Hospital Care 1929: Hallelujah Is the First Important Black Musical Film 1929: Hubble Confirms the Expanding Universe 1929: Loewy Pioneers American Industrial Design Feb. 14, 1929: Valentine's Day Massacre Feb. 17, 1929: League of United Latin American Citizens Is Founded May 16, 1929: First Academy Awards Honor Film Achievement June 15, 1929: Agricultural Marketing Act July, 1929: Drinker and Shaw Develop a Mechanical Respirator Sept., 1929-Jan., 1930: The Maltese Falcon Introduces the Hard-Boiled Detective Novel Oct. 7, 1929: The Sound and the Fury Launches Faulkner's Career Oct. 24-29, 1929: U.S. Stock Market Crashes Oct. 29, 1929-1939: Great Depression Nov. 8, 1929: New York's Museum of Modern Art Opens to the Public Early 1930's: Mass Deportations of Mexicans 1930's: Americans Embrace Radio Entertainment 1930's: Guthrie's Populist Songs Reflect the Depression-Era United States 1930's: Hollywood Enters Its Golden Age 1930's: Invention of the Slug Rejector Spreads Use of Vending Machines 1930's: Wolman Begins Investigating Water and Sewage Systems 1930's-1940's: Studio System Dominates Hollywood Filmmaking 1930: Dutch Elm Disease Arrives in the United States 1930: Zinsser Develops an Immunization Against Typhus 1930-1931: Pauling Develops His Theory of the Chemical Bond 1930-1932: Jansky's Experiments Lead to Radio Astronomy 1930-1935: Von Sternberg Makes Dietrich a Superstar Feb., 1930: Crane Publishes The Bridge Feb., 1930: Luce Founds Fortune Magazine Feb. 18, 1930: Tombaugh Discovers Pluto Mar. 31, 1930-1931: Hawk's Nest Tunnel Construction Leads to Disaster Apr., 1930: Midgley Introduces Dichlorodifluoromethane as a Refrigerant Gas June 6, 1930-Aug. 27, 1934: First Manned Bathysphere Dives June 17, 1930: Hoover Signs the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act Summer, 1930: Nation of Islam Is Founded Aug. 29, 1930: Japanese American Citizens League Is Founded Sept. 27, 1930: First Grand Slam of Golf Dec., 1930: Du Pont Introduces Freon Dec. 11, 1930: Bank of United States Fails 1931: Karloff and Lugosi Become Kings of Horror 1931: Ultramares Case Establishes Liability for Auditors 1931-1932: Gangster Films Become Popular 1931-1941: The Group Theatre Flourishes Jan. 2, 1931: Lawrence Develops the Cyclotron Mar. 19, 1931: Nevada Legalizes Gambling Mar. 25, 1931-July, 1937: Scottsboro Trials May 1, 1931: Empire State Building Opens July 26, 1931: International Bible Students Association Becomes Jehovah's Witnesses Nov. 17, 1931: Whitney Museum of American Art Opens in New York 1932: Berle and Means Discuss Corporate Control Jan. 7, 1932: Stimson Doctrine Jan. 22, 1932: Reconstruction Finance Corporation Is Created Mar. 23, 1932: Norris-La Guardia Act Strengthens Labor Organizations July 18, 1932: St. Lawrence Seaway Treaty July 28, 1932: Bonus March Sept., 1932: Anderson Discovers the Positron Oct., 1932: Wright Founds the Taliesin Fellowship Nov., 1932: Antitrust Prosecution Forces RCA to Restructure Nov. 8, 1932: Franklin D. Roosevelt Is Elected U.S. President 1933: Billie Holiday Begins Her Recording Career 1933: Forty-Second Street Defines 1930's Film Musicals 1933: Kallet and Schlink Publish 100,000,000 Guinea Pigs Jan. 2, 1933: Coward's Design for Living Epitomizes the 1930's Feb. 28, 1933: Perkins Becomes First Woman Secretary of Labor Mar. 4, 1933-1945: Good Neighbor Policy Mar. 9-June 16, 1933: The Hundred Days Apr. 5, 1933: U.S. Civilian Conservation Corps Is Established May 18, 1933: Tennessee Valley Authority Is Created June 16, 1933: Banking Act of 1933 Reorganizes the American Banking System June 16, 1933: Roosevelt Signs the National Industrial Recovery Act July 6, 1933: First Major League Baseball All-Star Game Sept., 1933: Marshall Writes The People's Forests Sept. 8, 1933: Work Begins on the Grand Coulee Dam Oct. 18, 1933: Roosevelt Creates the Commodity Credit Corporation Nov. 16, 1933: United States Recognizes Russia's Bolshevik Regime 1934: Benedict Publishes Patterns of Culture 1934: Lubitsch's The Merry Widow Opens New Vistas for Film Musicals 1934: Squier Founds Muzak 1934: Zwicky and Baade Propose a Theory of Neutron Stars 1934-1938: Production Code Gives Birth to Screwball Comedy 1934-1939: Dust Bowl Devastates the Great Plains 1934-1945: Radar Is Developed Feb., 1934: Rivera's Rockefeller Center Mural Is Destroyed Mar. 16, 1934: Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp Act Mar. 24, 1934: Philippine Independence Act May 23, 1934: Police Apprehend Bonnie and Clyde May 23, 1934: Police Apprehend Bonnie and Clyde May 23, 1934: Police Apprehend Bonnie and Clyde June 6, 1934: Securities and Exchange Commission Is Established June 10, 1934: Federal Communications Commission Is Established by Congress June 18, 1934: Indian Reorganization Act June 26, 1934: Federal Credit Union Act June 28, 1934: Taylor Grazing Act Fall, 1934-May 6, 1953: Gibbon Develops the Heart-Lung Machine Oct. 19, 1934: Marshall and Leopold Form the Wilderness Society Dec. 1, 1934: Goodman Begins His Let's Dance Broadcasts Dec. 6, 1934: Balanchine's Serenade Inaugurates American Ballet Jan., 1935: Richter Develops a Scale for Measuring Earthquake Strength Feb., 1935-Oct. 27, 1938: Carothers Invents Nylon Feb. 12, 1935: Exhibition of American Abstract Painting Opens in New York Feb. 19, 1935: Odets's Awake and Sing! Becomes a Model for Protest Drama Feb. 27, 1935: Temple Receives a Special Academy Award Apr. 8, 1935: Works Progress Administration Is Established Apr. 15, 1935: Arbitration Affirms National Responsibility for Pollution Apr. 27, 1935: Soil Conservation Service Is Established May 27, 1935: Black Monday June 10, 1935: Formation of Alcoholics Anonymous July, 1935: Tansley Proposes the Term "Ecosystem" July 5, 1935: Wagner Act Aug. 14, 1935: Roosevelt Signs the Social Security Act Aug. 23, 1935: Banking Act of 1935 Centralizes U.S. Monetary Control Aug. 29, 1935-June 30, 1939: Federal Theatre Project Promotes Live Theater Aug. 31, 1935-Nov. 4, 1939: Neutrality Acts Sept. 6, 1935: Top Hat Establishes the Astaire-Rogers Dance Team Oct. 10, 1935: Gershwin's Porgy and Bess Opens in New York Nov. 5, 1935: Armstrong Demonstrates FM Radio Broadcasting Nov. 10, 1935: Congress of Industrial Organizations Is Founded Jan.-Mar., 1936: Consumers Union of the United States Emerges Jan. 1, 1936: Ford Foundation Is Established Feb. 4, 1936: Darling Founds the National Wildlife Federation Mar. 11, 1936: Boulder Dam Is Completed June 19, 1936: Robinson-Patman Act Restricts Price Discrimination June 25, 1936: The DC-3 Opens a New Era of Air Travel Nov., 1936: Carnegie Redefines Self-Help Literature Nov. 11, 1936: Reciprocal Trade Act Nov. 23, 1936: Fluorescent Lighting Is Introduced Nov. 23, 1936: Luce Launches Life Magazine Dec., 1936: Inter-American Conference for the Maintenance of Peace 1937: Dreyfuss Designs the Bell 300 Telephone Jan., 1937-Feb., 1940: Adams Lobbies Congress to Preserve Kings Canyon Jan. 6, 1937: Embargo on Arms to Spain Feb. 5-July 22, 1937: Supreme Court-Packing Fight Mar., 1937: Delaware River Project Begins May 6, 1937: Hindenburg Dirigible Bursts into Flames May 27, 1937: Golden Gate Bridge Opens June, 1937: Theiler Develops a Treatment for Yellow Fever June-Sept., 1937: Reber Builds the First Intentional Radio Telescope Aug. 17, 1937: Miller-Tydings Act Legalizes Retail Price Maintenance Sept. 2, 1937: Pittman-Robertson Act Provides State Wildlife Funding Oct., 1937: The Diary of a Country Priest Inspires American Readers Dec. 21, 1937: Disney Releases Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs 1938: Barnard Publishes The Functions of the Executive 1938: John Muir Trail Is Completed 1938-1950: Golden Age of American Science Fiction Feb. 4, 1938: Our Town Opens on Broadway Feb. 10, 1938: Fannie Mae Promotes Home Ownership Mar. 21, 1938: Wheeler-Lea Act Broadens FTC Control over Advertising Apr. 5, 1938: Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo Debuts May 26, 1938: HUAC Is Established June 21, 1938: Natural Gas Act June 25, 1938: Fair Labor Standards Act June 25, 1938: Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act Sept. 17, 1938: First Grand Slam of Tennis Oct. 22, 1938: Carlson and Kornei Make the First Xerographic Photocopy Oct. 30, 1938: Welles Broadcasts The War of the Worlds 1939: Ford Defines the Western in Stagecoach 1939-1949: Bill Monroe and the Blue Grass Boys Define Bluegrass Music Jan. 2, 1939: Marian Anderson Is Barred from Constitution Hall Feb. 15, 1939: Oppenheimer Calculates the Nature of Black Holes Mar. 31, 1939: Sherlock Holmes Film Series Begins Apr., 1939: The Grapes of Wrath Portrays Depression-Era America Apr. 30, 1939: American Television Debuts at the World's Fair May 16, 1939: First U.S. Food Stamp Program Begins June 12, 1939: Dedication of the Baseball Hall of Fame Aug., 1939: United States Begins Mobilization for World War II Aug. 17, 1939: The Wizard of Oz Premieres Nov. 1, 1939: Rockefeller Center Is Completed Dec. 15, 1939: Gone with the Wind Premieres 1940: Wright's Native Son Depicts Racism in America May, 1940: Roosevelt Uses Business Leaders for World War II Planning June 14, 1940: United States Begins Building a Two-Ocean Navy June 30, 1940: Congress Centralizes Regulation of U.S. Commercial Air Traffic July 1, 1940: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Is Formed Aug. 16, 1940: Ogdensburg Agreement Sept. 1, 1940: First Color Television Broadcast Nov. 7, 1940: Tacoma Narrows Bridge Collapses Nov. 13, 1940: Disney's Fantasia Premieres Dec. 30, 1940: Arroyo Seco Freeway Opens in Los Angeles Venezuela Dec. 14, 1922: Oil Is Discovered in Venezuela Vietnam Sept., 1940: Japan Occupies Indochinese Ports Wales Oct. 31, 1904-1906: Welsh Revival Spreads Pentecostalism Sept. 11, 1915: Women's Institutes Are Founded in Great Britain 1920: The Mysterious Affair at Styles Introduces Hercule Poirot Dec. 10, 1936: Edward VIII Abdicates the British Throne Worldwide June 28, 1914-Nov. 11, 1918: World War I Mar., 1918-1919: Influenza Epidemic Strikes Yugoslavia Dec. 1, 1918: Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes Declares Independence Zimbabwe Oct. 1, 1923: Great Britain Grants Self-Government to Southern Rhodesia |
||||||||||||||||||||
If you need help with products and ordering, setting up a new account or working with this website, call or email us:
 |
SALEM PRESS, INC. · 131 North El Molino Avenue · Pasadena · CA 91101 © Salem Press, Inc. All Rights Reserved. |