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Ethics, Revised Edition Table of Contents Publisher's Note, ix Introduction: Old and New in Ethics, xi Contributing Scholars, xv Complete List of Contents, xxiii A Abelard, Peter, 1 Abolition, 1 Abortion, 3 Absolutism, 10 Absurd, The, 11 Abū Bakr, 12 Abū Hanīfah, 12 Abuse, 12 Academic freedom, 14 Accountability, 16 Accuracy in Media, 17 Accused, rights of, 18 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 19 Adultery, 22 Adversary system, 23 Advertising, 24 Advice columnists, 28 Affirmative action, 29 African ethics, 31 Ageism, 37 Aggression, 38 Agreement for the Suppression of White Slave Traffic, 40 Agribusiness, 41 Ahimsā, 42 Akbar the Great, 42 Alī ibn Abī Tālib, 43 Alienation, 44 Altruism, 46 American Association of Retired Persons, 50 American Civil Liberties Union, 51 American Federation of Labor, 52 American Inns of Court, 52 American Medical Association, 53 American Society of Newspaper Editors, 53 Americans with Disabilities Act, 54 Amnesty International, 54 Anarchy, 55 Anger, 57 Animal consciousness, 59 Animal research, 60 Animal rights, 62 Anthropological ethics, 67 Anthropomorphism of the divine, 69 Anti-Semitism, 70 Antitrust legislation, 72 Apartheid, 74 Apologizing for past wrongs, 76 Apology, 78 Applied ethics, 79 Arbitration, 81 Arendt, Hannah, 82 Aristotelian ethics, 83 Aristotle, 84 Arrest records, 86 Art, 87 Art and public policy, 88 Art of War, The, 92 Artificial intelligence, 92 Asceticism, 94 Aśoka, 96 Assassination, 96 Assisted suicide. See Suicide assistance Atatürk, 100 Atheism, 101 Atom bomb, 102 Atomic Energy Commission, 105 Attorney-client privilege, 105 Attorney misconduct, 106 Augustine, Saint, 108 Aurobindo, Sri, 109 Authenticity, 110 Autonomy, 110 Avalokiteśvara, 112 Averroës, 112 Avicenna, 113 Ayer, A. J., 113 B Bacon, Francis, 115 Bad faith, 115 Bahya ben Joseph ibn Pakuda, 116 Beauvoir, Simone de, 116 Behavior therapy, 118 Behaviorism, 119 Being and Nothingness, 121 Benevolence, 122 Bennett, William, 123 Bentham, Jeremy, 124 Berdyayev, Nikolay, 124 Bergson, Henri, 125 Betting on sports, 125 Beyond Good and Evil, 126 Bhagavadgītā, 127 Bigotry, 128 Bilingual education, 129 Bill of Rights, English. See English Bill of Rights Bill of Rights, U.S., 130 Bills of rights, medical. See Medical bills of rights Biochemical weapons, 132 Biodiversity, 137 Bioethics, 137 Biofeedback, 142 Biometrics, 144 Biotechnology, 147 Birth control, 149 Birth defects, 151 Black Muslims. See Nation of Islam Bodhidharma, 153 Bodhisattva ideal, 154 Boethius, 156 Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 156 Book banning, 158 Bosnia, 163 Boycotts, 165 Bradley, F. H., 166 Brain death, 166 Brandeis, Louis D., 168 Bribery, 168 Brown v. Board of Education, 170 Buber, Martin, 172 Buddha, 174 Buddhist ethics, 176 al-Būkhārī, 178 Burke, Edmund, 179 Bushido, 179 Business ethics, 181 Butler, Joseph, 187 Bystanders, 188 C Calvin, John, 189 Campaign finance reform, 189 Camus, Albert, 191 Cannibalism, 192 Capital punishment, 193 Capitalism, 197 Caste system, Hindu, 199 Casuistry, 201 Cell-phone etiquette, 202 Censorship, 203 Cesarean sections, 208 Character, 208 Charity, 210 Cheating, 212 Chemical warfare, 214 Child abuse, 217 Child labor legislation, 219 Child psychology, 221 Child soldiers, 223 Child support, 224 Children, 226 Children's Bureau, 230 Children's rights, 231 Children's television, 234 Chivalry, 237 Choice, 238 Choiceless choices, 240 Christian ethics, 241 Chu Hsi. See Zhu Xi Chuang Chou. See Zhuangzi Church-state separation, 243 Cicero, 245 Citizenship, 245 Civil disobedience, 247 Civil Rights Act of 1964, 250 Civil rights and liberties, 251 Civil Rights movement, 252 Class struggle, 255 Clean Air Act, 256 Clean Water Act, 257 Clinton, Bill, 257 Cloning, 259 Code of Professional Responsibility, 261 Codes of civility, 262 Coercion, 263 Cognitivism, 264 Cohen, Randy, 266 Cold War, 266 Collective guilt, 269 College applications, 270 Colonialism and imperialism, 271 Commission on Civil Rights, U.S., 273 Common good, 274 Communism, 276 Communist Manifesto, The, 277 Communitarianism, 279 Comparative ethics, 281 Compassion, 283 Compromise, 285 Computer crime, 286 Computer databases, 290 Computer misuse, 291 Computer technology, 293 Comte, Auguste, 294 Concentration camps, 295 Confidentiality, 297 Conflict of interest, 299 Conflict resolution, 301 Confucian ethics, 303 Confucius, 304 Congress, 306 Congress of Racial Equality, 308 Conscience, 308 Conscientious objection, 313 Consent, 314 Consequentialism, 315 Conservation, 316 Conservatism, 316 Consistency, 318 Constitution, U.S., 319 Constitutional government, 321 Consumerism, 323 Conversion of one's system of beliefs, 323 Cooper, Anthony Ashley. See Shaftesbury, third earl of Copyright, 324 Corporate compensation, 326 Corporate responsibility, 328 Corporate scandal, 328 Corruption, 331 Cost-benefit analysis, 332 Courage, 333 Covert action, 335 Criminal punishment, 336 Critical theory, 338 Cruelty, 340 Cruelty to animals, 342 Custom, 344 Cynicism, 345 Cyrenaics, 347 D Dalai Lama, 349 Dallaire, Roméo, 351 Daoist ethics, 352 Darwin, Charles, 354 Death and dying, 355 Declaration of Independence, 357 Deconstruction, 358 Deep ecology, 360 Deforestation, 362 Deism, 364 Democracy, 365 Deontological ethics, 367 Derrida, Jacques, 369 Descartes, René, 370 Desire, 371 Determinism and freedom, 373 Deterrence, 374 Developing world, 375 Dewey, John, 377 Diagnosis, 380 Dictatorship, 381 Dignity, 383 Dilemmas, moral, 384 Dirty hands, 386 Disability rights, 386 The Disappeared, 388 Discrimination, 390 Distributive justice, 392 Diversity, 394 Divine command theory, 395 Divorce, 397 Dōgen, 401 Dominion over nature, human, 402 Dostoevski, Fyodor, 403 Downsizing, 403 Dresden firebombing, 404 Dress codes, 405 Dronenburg v. Zech, 407 Drug abuse, 407 Drug testing, 409 Du Bois, W. E. B., 411 Due process, 412 Durkheim, Émile, 412 Duty, 413 E Earth and humanity, 415 Earth Day, 417 Ecofeminism, 417 Ecology, 418 Economic analysis, 419 Economics, 420 Edwards, Jonathan, 422 Egalitarianism, 423 Egoism, 424 Egotist, 425 Either/Or, 426 Electronic mail, 427 Electronic surveillance, 428 Electroshock therapy, 430 Elitism, 432 Emancipation Proclamation, 434 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 436 Emotivist ethics, 436 Employee safety and treatment, 438 Endangered species, 441 English Bill of Rights, 443 Enlightenment ethics, 444 Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, An, 447 Entitlements, 449 Entrapment. See Journalistic entrapment Environmental ethics, 450 Environmental movement, 455 Environmental Protection Agency, 457 Envy, 458 Epictetus, 459 Epicurus, 460 Epistemological ethics, 460 Equal pay for equal work, 462 Equal Rights Amendment, 462 Equality, 464 Erroneous convictions, 469 Espionage, 470 Ethical codes of organizations, 471 Ethical monotheism, 473 Ethical Principles of Psychologists, 473 Ethics, 474 Ethics, 476 Ethics in Government Act, 477 Ethics/morality distinction, 479 Ethnic cleansing, 479 Ethnocentrism, 480 Etiquette, 480 Eugenics, 482 Euthanasia, 483 Evers, Medgar, 485 "Everyone does it", 486 Evil, 487 Evolutionary theory, 491 Excellence, 494 Executive Order 10988, 496 Existentialism, 496 Experimentation, 501 Exploitation, 502 F Fact/value distinction, 505 Fair Labor Standards Act, 506 Fairness, 507 Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting, 509 Faith healers, 509 Family, 511 Family therapy, 515 Family values, 517 Famine, 519 al-Fārābī, 520 Farrakhan, Louis, 521 Fascism, 522 Fatalism, 523 Fātima, 523 Fear in the workplace, 523 Feminine Mystique, The, 525 Feminist ethics, 526 First Amendment, 528 Five precepts of Buddhism, 529 Forgiveness, 529 Foucault, Michel, 531 Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, 532 Four noble truths, 532 Fraud, 534 Free enterprise, 536 Free-riding, 537 Freedom and liberty, 539 Freedom of expression, 543 Freedom of Information Act, 548 Freud, Sigmund, 549 Friendship, 552 Future generations, 553 Future-oriented ethics, 555 G Gaia hypothesis, 558 Gandhi, Mohandas K., 558 Gangs, 559 Gault, In re, 561 Gay rights, 561 Gender bias, 564 Generosity, 566 Genetic counseling, 567 Genetic engineering, 568 Genetic testing, 572 Genetically modified foods, 575 Geneva conventions, 578 Genocide, cultural, 580 Genocide, frustration-aggression theory of, 581 Genocide and democide, 583 Gewirth, Alan, 586 al-Ghazālī, 587 Gideon v. Wainwright, 588 Global warming, 589 Globalization, 590 Gluttony, 592 God, 593 Godparents, 595 Golden mean, 596 Golden rule, 597 Good, The, 598 Good samaritan laws, 602 Goss v. Lopez, 603 Gossip, 603 Gratitude, 604 Gray Panthers, 605 Greed, 606 Green parties, 607 Greenhouse effect, 608 Greenpeace, 609 Griswold v. Connecticut, 609 Grotius, Hugo, 610 Group therapy, 611 Guilt and shame, 612 Gulag Archipelago, The, 614 H Hadīth, 616 al-Hallāj, 616 Hammurabi's code, 617 Hare, R. M., 619 Harm, 619 Hart, H. L. A., 620 Hartshorne, Charles, 621 Hasidism, 622 Hate, 622 Hate crime and hate speech, 624 Head Start, 625 Health care allocation, 625 Hebrew Bible, 628 Hedonism, 630 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 632 Heidegger, Martin, 634 Heroism, 634 Hindu ethics, 636 Hippocrates, 638 Hiring practices, 640 Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings, 641 Hitler, Adolf, 643 Hobbes, Thomas, 646 Holistic medicine, 647 Holocaust, 647 Holy war, 653 Homeland defense, 657 Homeless care, 658 Homicide, 660 Homophobia, 661 Homosexuality, 664 Honesty, 669 Honor, 674 Honor systems and codes, 675 Hsün Tzu. See Xunzi Huineng, 676 Human Genome Project, 677 Human nature, 679 Human Nature and Conduct, 683 Human rights, 684 Human Rights Watch, 688 Humane Society of the United States, 689 Humanism, 690 Hume, David, 692 Humility, 694 Hunger, 695 Husayn, 698 Hussein, Saddam, 699 Hypnosis, 700 Hypocrisy, 702 I I and Thou, 704 Ibn al-Arabī, 704 Ibn Gabirol, 705 Ibn Khaldūn, 706 Ideal observer, 706 Idealist ethics, 707 Identity theft, 709 Ideology, 712 Illness, 713 Immigration, 715 Immigration Reform and Control Act, 718 Immortality, 718 Impartiality, 720 In re Gault. See Gault, In re In vitro fertilization, 720 Incest, 723 Income distribution, 725 Incommensurability, 728 Index librorum prohibitorum, 729 Individualism, 730 Industrial research, 732 Inequality, 733 Infanticide, 734 Infomercials, 736 Information access, 736 Inside information, 739 Insider trading, 740 Institutionalization of patients, 741 Integration, 743 Integrity, 746 Intellectual property, 748 Intelligence testing, 749 Intention, 750 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 751 International Criminal Court, 752 International justice, 753 International Labour Organisation, 755 International law, 756 International Monetary Fund, 758 International Organization of Consumers Unions, 758 International Red Cross, 759 Internet chat rooms, 760 Internet piracy, 761 Intersubjectivity, 763 Intervention, 765 Intrinsic good, 766 Intuitionist ethics, 766 Invasion of privacy, 768 Iraq, 768 Is/ought distinction, 771 Islamic ethics, 772 Isolationism, 776 Israeli-Palestinian conflict, 776 J Jackson, Jesse, 780 Jain ethics, 781 James, William, 782 Japanese American internment, 783 Jealousy, 785 Jefferson, Thomas, 787 Jesus Christ, 787 Jewish ethics, 789 Jihad, 791 Journalistic entrapment, 792 Journalistic ethics, 794 Judicial conduct code, 796 Jung, Carl, 796 Jurisprudence, 797 Jury system, 799 Just war theory, 800 Justice, 801 K Kabbala, 803 Kant, Immanuel, 804 Kantian ethics, 806 Karma, 808 Keller, Helen, 810 Kemal, Mustafa. See Atatürk Kevorkian, Jack, 810 Kierkegaard, Sřren, 811 al-Kindī, 813 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 814 Knights of Labor, 816 Kohlberg, Lawrence, 816 Koran. See Qurān Kosovo, 817 Ku Klux Klan, 819 Kūkai, 821 L Labor-Management Relations Act, 822 Land mines, 822 Language, 823 Lao Tzu. See Laozi Laozi, 825 Law, 827 Lawyer for the situation, 831 Laziness, 831 Leadership, 832 League of Nations, 833 League of Women Voters, 836 Legal ethics, 837 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 838 Lemkin, Raphael, 839 Lenin, Vladimir Ilich, 839 Leopold, Aldo, 843 Leviathan, 844 Levinas, Emmanuel, 845 Libel, 845 Liberalism, 846 Libertarianism, 847 Library Bill of Rights, 849 Life, meaning of, 849 Life and death, 854 Lifeboat ethics, 858 Lifestyles, 859 Limited war, 860 Lincoln, Abraham, 861 Lobbying, 862 Lobotomy, 863 Locke, John, 865 Lotteries, 867 Love, 869 Loyalty, 871 Loyalty oaths, 872 Luck and chance, 874 Lust, 875 Luther, Martin, 876 Lying, 877 Lynching, 879 M McCarthy, Joseph R., 882 Machiavelli, Niccolň, 883 MacIntyre, Alasdair, 885 Mādhyamaka, 886 Magna Carta, 887 Mahāvīra. See Vardhamāna Maimonides, Moses, 889 Malcolm X, 890 Malthus, Thomas, 891 Mandela, Nelson, 892 Manhattan Project, 894 Manichaeanism, 895 Manifest destiny, 897 Mapplethorpe, Robert, 897 Marcus Aurelius, 898 Marketing, 898 Marriage, 900 Marshall Plan, 902 Marx, Karl, 903 Marxism, 905 Maximal vs. minimal ethics, 906 Mean/ends distinction, 908 Media ownership, 910 Medical bills of rights, 912 Medical ethics, 914 Medical insurance, 919 Medical research, 922 Mencius, 928 Men's movement, 929 Mental illness, 931 Mentoring, 936 Mercenary soldiers, 937 Mercy, 938 Merit, 940 Messianism, 942 Metaethics, 943 Milgram experiment, 945 Military ethics, 946 Mill, John Stuart, 948 Minimum-wage laws, 949 Miranda v. Arizona, 950 Mo Tzu. See Mozi Monopoly, 951 Monroe Doctrine, 951 Montesquieu, 952 Moore, G. E., 953 Moral education, 953 Moral equivalence, 955 Moral luck, 955 Moral principles, rules, and imperatives, 957 Moral realism, 961 Moral responsibility, 962 Moral-sense theories, 964 Moral status of animals, 965 Morality, 967 Moses, 971 Moses ben Maimon. See Maimonides, Moses Motion picture ratings systems, 973 Motivation, 975 Motze. See Mozi Mozi, 977 Muhammad, 979 Muir, John, 980 Multiculturalism, 981 Multinational corporations, 983 Mutually assured destruction, 985 Mysticism, 985 N Nader, Ralph, 990 Nāgārjuna, 991 Nagel, Thomas, 992 Nānak, 992 Napster, 993 Narcissism, 995 Narrative ethics, 995 Nation of Islam, 996 National Anti-Vivisection Society, 998 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 999 National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, 1000 National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, 1001 National Labor Relations Act, 1001 National Labor Union, 1002 National Organization for Women, 1002 National Park System, U.S. , 1003 National security and sovereignty, 1003 Nationalism, 1005 Native American casinos, 1009 Native American ethics, 1012 Native American genocide, 1013 Natural law, 1016 Natural rights, 1021 Naturalistic fallacy, 1024 Nature, rights of, 1025 Nature Conservancy Council, 1027 Nazi science, 1027 Nazism, 1030 Needs and wants, 1033 Negligence, 1033 New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 1035 News sources, 1035 Nicomachean Ethics, 1037 Niebuhr, H. Richard, 1037 Niebuhr, Reinhold, 1038 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 1038 Nihilism, 1040 Nirvana, 1042 Nobel Peace Prizes, 1044 Nonviolence, 1047 Normative vs. descriptive ethics, 1048 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 1050 "Not in my backyard", 1051 Nozick, Robert, 1053 Nuclear arms race, 1054 Nuclear energy, 1057 Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1059 Nuremberg Trials, 1060 Nussbaum, Martha, 1062 O Obedience, 1064 Objectivism, 1065 On Liberty, 1067 On War, 1069 Oppression, 1069 Organ transplants, 1071 Ortega y Gasset, José, 1073 Orwell, George, 1074 Other, The, 1075 Ought/can implication, 1076 Outsourcing, 1077 P Pacifism, 1079 Pain, 1081 Pan-Africanism, 1082 Panentheism, 1084 Pantheism, 1086 Paradoxes in ethics, 1086 Parenting, 1089 Parole of convicted prisoners, 1090 Pascal, Blaise, 1091 Passions and emotions, 1093 Passive resistance. See Nonviolence Paternalism, 1097 Patriotism, 1098 Peace Corps, 1099 Peace studies, 1100 Peacekeeping missions, 1102 Peirce, Charles Sanders, 1104 Peltier conviction, 1105 Pentagon Papers, 1106 People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 1107 Perfectionism, 1109 Perjury, 1110 Permissible acts, 1111 Perry, R. B., 1112 Personal injury attorneys, 1113 Personal relationships, 1113 Pessimism and optimism, 1118 Phenomenology of Spirit, 1120 Philo of Alexandria, 1122 Photojournalism, 1122 Physician-patient relationship, 1124 Plagiarism, 1126 Plato, 1130 Platonic ethics, 1132 "Playing god" in medical decision making, 1136 Plessy v. Ferguson, 1136 Pluralism, 1137 Pogroms, 1138 Police brutality, 1139 Political correctness, 1142 Political liberty, 1144 Political realism, 1145 Politics, 1146 Poll taxes, 1150 Pollution, 1151 Pollution permits, 1153 Poona Pact, 1154 Population Connection, 1155 Population control, 1155 Pornography, 1158 Post-Enlightenment ethics, 1162 Postmodernism, 1167 Potsdam Conference, 1169 Poverty, 1169 Poverty and wealth, 1171 Power, 1172 Practical reason, 1177 Pragmatism, 1177 Premarital sex, 1179 Prescriptivism, 1181 Price fixing, 1181 Pride, 1182 Principles of Medical Ethics, 1183 Principles of Medical Ethics with Annotations Especially Applicable to Psychiatry, 1184 Prisoner's dilemma, 1185 Privacy, 1187 Private vs. public morality, 1188 Pro-choice movement, 1190 Product safety and liability, 1192 Professional athlete incomes, 1195 Professional ethics, 1198 Profit economy, 1203 Profit taking, 1203 Progressivism, 1204 Pro-life movement, 1204 Promiscuity, 1206 Promises, 1208 Property, 1209 Prostitution, 1211 Prudence, 1214 Psychology, 1215 Psychopharmacology, 1219 Public interest, 1221 Public's right to know, 1222 Punishment, 1223 Q Quinlan, Karen Ann, 1225 Qurān, 1226 R Rābiah al-Adawīyah, 1228 Racial prejudice, 1228 Racism, 1230 Rain forests, 1235 Rand, Ayn, 1236 Rape, 1237 Rape and political domination, 1242 Rawls, John, 1244 al-Razi, 1244 Reality television, 1244 Realpolitik, 1246 Reason and rationality, 1247 Reconciliation, 1249 Red Cross. See International Red Cross Redlining, 1250 Refugees and stateless people, 1250 Relativism, 1252 Religion, 1254 Religion and violence, 1258 Reparations for past social wrongs, 1260 Republic, 1262 Responsibility, 1264 Resumés, 1268 Retirement funds, 1269 Revelation, 1271 Revenge, 1273 Reverse racism, 1274 Revolution, 1275 Right and wrong, 1278 Right to die, 1282 Right to life, 1284 Rights and obligations, 1286 Robotics, 1289 Roe v. Wade, 1292 Role models, 1294 Roman Catholic priests scandal, 1296 Rorty, Richard, 1298 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 1298 Royce, Josiah, 1300 Rūmī, Jalāl al-Dīn, 1300 Russell, Bertrand, 1301 Rwanda genocide, 1302 S Sales ethics, 1305 SALT treaties, 1306 Sanctions, 1309 Sankara, 1311 Santayana, George, 1312 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 1313 Schindler, Oskar, 1315 Schopenhauer, Arthur, 1316 Schweitzer, Albert, 1317 Science, 1317 Scientology, 1322 Scorched-earth policies, 1323 Scott v. Sandford, 1325 Scottsboro case, 1325 Second Sex, The, 1326 Secular ethics, 1326 Sedition, 1328 Sedition Act of 1798, 1328 Segregation, 1329 Self-control, 1331 Self-deception, 1333 Self-interest, 1334 Selfishness, 1336 Self-love, 1337 Self-preservation, 1339 Self-regulation, 1341 Self-respect, 1341 Self-righteousness, 1343 Sentience, 1343 Service to others, 1344 Sex therapy, 1345 Sexism, 1347 Sexual abuse and harassment, 1348 Sexual revolution, 1350 Sexual stereotypes, 1351 Sexuality and sexual ethics, 1353 Sexually transmitted diseases, 1357 Shaftesbury, third earl of, 1359 Sharīa, 1360 Shīa, 1361 Shinran, 1361 Shintō ethics, 1361 Sidgwick, Henry, 1363 Sierra Club, 1363 Sikh ethics, 1364 Silent Spring, 1367 Sin, 1367 Singer, Peter, 1371 Situational ethics, 1372 Skepticism, 1374 Slavery, 1376 "Slippery-slope" arguments, 1382 Smith, Adam, 1383 Social contract theory, 1385 Social Darwinism, 1387 Social justice and responsibility, 1389 Socialism, 1391 Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 1393 Sociobiology, 1393 Socrates, 1395 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 1396 Song lyrics, 1397 Sophists, 1401 Sources of information. See News sources South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 1401 Sovereignty, 1403 Soviet psychiatry, 1405 Sperm banks, 1406 Spinoza, Baruch, 1408 Stalin, Joseph, 1409 Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 1412 State of nature, 1413 Stem cell research, 1415 Sterilization of women, 1418 Stewart, Martha, 1419 Stoic ethics, 1421 Stonewall Inn riots, 1423 Subjectivism, 1424 Suffrage, 1426 Sufism, 1427 Suicide, 1428 Suicide assistance, 1430 Summa Theologica, 1432 Sunnīs, 1434 Supererogation, 1434 Supreme Court, U.S., 1436 Supreme Court justice selection, 1439 Surrogate motherhood, 1440 Sustainability of resources, 1443 T Tabloid journalism, 1446 Taboos, 1447 Taft-Hartley Act. See Labor-Management Relations Act Tagore, Rabindranath, 1449 Talmud, 1449 Taxes, 1453 Technology, 1456 Telemarketing, 1464 Teleological ethics, 1465 Televangelists, 1467 Temperance, 1469 Temptation, 1471 Ten Commandments, 1472 Terrorism, 1474 Theory and practice, 1478 Theory of Justice, A, 1479 Therapist-patient relationship, 1480 Third World. See Developing world Thomas Aquinas, 1482 Thoreau, Henry David, 1484 Three-strikes laws, 1485 Tillich, Paul, 1486 Tipping, 1487 Title IX, 1488 Tobacco industry, 1489 Tolerance, 1494 Torah, 1496 Torture, 1498 Toxic waste, 1502 Tragedy, 1503 Transcendentalism, 1504 Transplants and organ substitution. See Organ transplants Treason, 1506 Treaty of Versailles, 1508 Triage, 1509 Truman Doctrine, 1509 Trustworthiness, 1509 Truth, 1511 Tutu, Desmond, 1515 Two Treatises of Government, 1516 Tyranny, 1517 Tzaddik, 1517 U Unamuno y Jugo, Miguel de, 1519 Uncle Tom's Cabin, 1519 Unconditional surrender, 1520 UNESCO Declarationon the Human Genomeand Human Rights, 1522 Union of Concerned Scientists, 1523 United Nations, 1523 United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 1527 United Nations Declaration of the Rights of the Child, 1528 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons, 1529 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1529 Universalizability, 1530 Upanisads, 1530 Utilitarianism, 1531 Utopia, 1533 V Value, 1535 Values clarification, 1539 Vardhamāna, 1541 Vedānta, 1541 Vegetarianism, 1543 Veterans' rights, 1545 Vice, 1546 Victims' rights, 1547 Vietnam War, 1549 Violence, 1553 Virtual reality, 1557 Virtue, 1559 Virtue ethics, 1563 Vivisection, 1564 Voltaire, 1565 Voting fraud, 1566 W Wage discrimination, 1567 Wagner Act. See National Labor Relations Act Walden, 1567 Wang Yangming, 1568 War, 1568 War crimes trials, 1573 Warranties and guarantees, 1574 Washington, Booker T., 1575 Watergate scandal, 1578 Weakness of will, 1578 Weapons research, 1579 Weber, Max, 1581 Welfare programs, 1582 Welfare rights, 1583 Whistleblowing, 1585 White-collar crime, 1586 Whitehead, Alfred North, 1586 Wickedness, 1587 Wiesel, Elie, 1588 Wilderness Act of 1964, 1589 Will, 1590 Wisdom, 1594 Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 1595 Wollstonecraft, Mary, 1595 Women's ethics, 1596 Women's liberation movement, 1598 Work, 1602 World Health Organization, 1606 World Society for theProtection of Animals, 1607 World Trade Organization, 1607 Wretched of the Earth, The, 1609 X Xun Qing. See Xunzi Xunzi, 1610 Y Z Zen, 1611 Zero-base ethics, 1612 Zhu Xi, 1612 Zhuangzi, 1613 Zionism, 1614 Zoroastrian ethics, 1615 Bibliography, 1619 Biographical Directory, 1639 Glossary, 1653 Nobel Peace Prize Winners, 1665 Organizations, 1669 Time Line of Primary Works in Moral and Ethical Philosophy, 1683 List of Entries by Category, III Personages Index, XXI Subject Index, XXXV |
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