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African American History Personages Index Abbott, Benjamin, 363 Abbott, Robert S., 288, 309, 400-401 Abdullah Al-Amin, Jamil (H. Rap Brown), 1100 Abel, I. W., 746 Abernathy, Ralph, 616, 800, 881, 1096; and Poor People’s March on Washington, 726 Abrahams, Peter, 430 Africa, John (Vincent Leapheart), 621 Ali, Muhammad, 895, 901, 1096; and military conscription, 982 Allen, Richard, 26-27, 44, 98, 363, 655, 1096 Amos, James Ralston, 64 Anderson, Jack, 254 Anderson, Joe, 777 Anderson, Marian, 51-58, 1096 Angelou, Maya, 595, 1097 Anthony, Susan B., 927 Aristide, Jean-Bertrand, 422 Armstrong, Louis, 429 Asante, Molefi Kete, 31-32, 318, 1097 Ashe, Arthur, 895 Ashmun, Jehudi, 64 Atchison, David R., 492 Attucks, Crispus, 277, 663 Bailey, F. Lee, 815 Baird, Absalom, 740 Baker, Ella Jo, 206, 411, 881, 908 Baker, Josephine, 1097 Bakke, Alan, 18, 71-78 Baldwin, James, 431, 542, 1098 Baliles, Gerald L., 1011 Banneker, Benjamin, 44, 777 Baraka, Amiri, 1098 Bargonetti, Jill, 781 Barnett, Ferdinand L., 1124 Barnett, Ross, 975, 978 Bates, Daisy, 215 Batt, John, 378 Beecher, Catharine, 864 Bell, Alexander Graham, 779 Berry, Mary Francis, 594 Bethune, Mary McLeod, 94, 658, 1098 Biden, Joseph, 929 Bidwell, Barnabas, 61 Black, Hugo L., 700, 921, 975; and Ku Klux Klan, 526 Blackwell, David, 780 Blair, Henry, 778 Blueford, Guion, 781 Bond, Julian, 1099; and King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1099 Booth, John Wilkes, 1114 Booth, Sherman M., 854 Bowlegs, Billy, 665 Bowlegs, Jim, 665 Boxill, Bernard R., 457, 459 Bradley, Ed, 574 Bradley, Joseph P., 203, 820 Bradley, Stephen R., 61 Bradley, Thomas, 517, 1099 Bradstreet, Simon, 868 Brady, Tom, 1007 Braun, Carol Moseley, 1099 Brawley, Tawana, 1121 Breckenridge, Calvin, 414 Brennan, William J., 506 Brewer, David J.; Louisville, New Orleans, and Texas Railway Company v. Mississippi, 552 Breyer, Stephen G.; and affirmative action, 23 Brooke, Edward W., 343, 746, 1014, 1100 Brown, H. Rap, 909, 1100 Brown, Henry “Box,” 949 Brown, James, 1121 Brown, Jim, 901 Brown, John, 135, 436-441, 924, 1100 Brown, Oliver, 215 Brown, Ron, 754 Brown, Tony, 574 Brown, William Wells, 951 Bruce, Blanche K., 241, 717, 1100 Bruce, Josephine B., 241 Bryan, Andrew, 79 Buchanan, Bessie, 162 Buchanan, James, 134, 136 Bull, William, 904 Bunche, Ralph, 1100 Burger, Warren, 414, 416, 915 Burr, Aaron, 60 Burton, LeVar, 768 Bush, George, 1119; and affirmative action, 22; and civil rights, 199; and Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 339; and Haitians, 423; and Supreme Court, 928; and Thomas, Clarence, 1121 Bush, George W., 722, 1119 Butler, Pierce, 728 Byrd, Harry, 773 Calhoun, John C., 246 Callahan, William W., 788 Caplan, Lincoln, 22 Cardozo, Benjamin N.; Nixon v. Condon, 685 Carmichael, Stokely, 124, 127, 129-130, 212, 375, 473, 501, 909, 1004 1101; and Vietnam War, 981 Carter, Jimmy, 257, 965, 1109, 1126 Carter, John Pym, 64 Cary, Mary Ann Shadd, 10 Cato, Gavin, 269 Cavanagh, Jerome, 746 Champion, James, 26 Chaney, James Earl, 219-225, 254, 263, 375, 472, 908 Charleston, Oscar, 891 Chase, Salmon, 494 Chavis, Benjamin, 593-597, 639, 1101 Chesnut, Mary Boykin, 861 Chionesu, Philé, 597-600 Chisholm, Shirley, 161-168, 465, 721, 1004, 1101 Clark, Marcia, 814 Clark, Mark, 424-426 Clay, Henry, 46, 244, 246 Cleage, Albert, 96 Cleaver, Eldridge, 127-128, 1102; and Vietnam War, 981 Cleveland, Grover, 69 Clinton, Bill, 23, 1097; and church burnings, 176; and Haitians, 423; and Jackson, Jesse, 754; and Jordan, Vernon, 1111 Cochran, Johnnie, 815 Coffin, Levi, 950 Coleman, Marshall, 1014 Colmer, William, 186 Condon, James, 876 Cone, James, 1102 Coney, Asia, 597-600 Connell, Pat, 574 Conner, Eugene “Bull,” 92 Conyers, John, 1117 Cook, Coralie Franklin, 241 Cook, John T., 240 Coolidge, Calvin, 1106 Cooper, Jack, 572 Corman, James C., 746 Cornish, Samuel, 571 Coronado, Francisco Vásquez de, 662 Cosby, Bill, 1102 Court, Gus, 261 Craft, William and Ellen, 949 Crandall, Prudence, 5 Cresson, Sarah Emlen, 63 Crummell, Alexander, 1102 Cuffe, Paul, 118, 663 Cuffee, 671 Cullen, Countée, 427, 432 Curry, John Stuart, 438 Danforth, John C., 218 Darden, Christopher, 814 Davis, Angela, 1103 Davis, Benjamin O., Jr., 938, 1022, 1103 Davis, Benjamin O., Sr., 581, 1020, 1103 Davis, Billy, 1107 Davis, Jefferson, 228, 246, 301 Davis, Ossie, 573 Day, William R.; Buchanan v. Warley, 147 Dees, Morris, 528 Delany, Martin Robison, 1103 Dellums, Ronald, 167 Dennis, David, 261 Denny, Reginald, 550 DePriest, Oscar, 718 Dew, Thomas R., 732 Dickey, John Miller, 63 Dickinson, Jonathan, 706 Diop, Cheikh Anta, 32 Dirksen, Everett M., 186, 190, 196, 344 Dixon, Thomas, 900 Douglas, Stephen A., 134, 247, 491, 1113 Douglas, William O.; Lassiter v. Northampton County Board of Elections, 530 Douglass, Frederick, 3, 44, 367, 538, 656, 663, 689, 832, 924, 951, 1103 1124; and Garrison, William Lloyd, 690; and The North Star, 689-693; and Thirteenth Amendment, 925; and Truth, Sojourner, 11 D’Souza, Dinesh, 1002 Du Bois, W. E. B., 70, 108, 119, 317, 400, 570, 637, 1104; and Niagara Movement, 501, 682; and Pan-Africanism, 701-702; and “Talented Tenth,” 919-921; and United Nations, 587; and Washington, Booker T., 1124; writings of, 539 Dukakis, Michael, 1110 Duke, David, 527 Dunbar, Paul Laurence, 540 Dyer, L. C., 303 Eastland, James O., 186, 942, 993 Edmundson, William, 705 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 588, 912, 1104; and Anderson, Marian, 55, 57; and civil rights, 882; and Civil Rights Act of 1960, 184; and Little Rock school desegregation crisis, 259, 544-548, 774; and military segregation, 589; and Summit Meeting of National Negro Leaders, 912-913; and Warren, Earl, 1123; and World War II, 1023 Eisenstein, Zillah, 242 Elder, Lee, 896 Ellington, Duke, 428, 572 Ellison, Ralph, 431, 542 Ervin, Sam, 197, 962 Evers, Medgar, 170, 450, 1105 Fard, W. D., 631-632, 1116 Farmer, James, 163, 372, 481, 1105, 1120 Farrakhan, Louis, 121, 257, 634, 1105; and Jackson, Jesse, 464, 1105; and Jews, 474; and Malcolm X, 1105; and the media, 594; and Million Man March, 593-597 Faubus, Orval, 258-259, 544-548, 774 Fernando, 870 Ferraro, Geraldine, 465 Field, Stephen J., 820 Fillmore, Millard, 246 Fitzgerald, Ella, 428 Fitzhugh, George, 734, 830 Foraker, Joseph B., 146 Forman, James, 911 Forten, James, 26, 534, 1105 Forten, James, Jr., 778 Fortune, T. Thomas, 306, 1106; and Washington, Booker T., 1106 Foster, Bill, 236 Foster, Stephen, 626 Fox, George, 704 Frankfurter, Felix, 397, 921 Franklin, Benjamin, 378, 704, 922 Franklin, Raymond S., 845 Frazier, Demita, 242 Frederickson, George, 844 Frémont, John C., 247 Gandhi, Mohandas K., 154, 251, 407, 481, 508, 1106; and King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1106 Garnet, Henry Highland, 951 Garrettson, Freeborn, 363 Garrison, William Lloyd, 2, 5, 9, 42, 832, 853, 863, 935, 1106; and Douglass, Frederick, 690; and The Liberator, 532-537; opponents of, 732; and Thirteenth Amendment, 925 Garvey, Marcus, 115, 120, 403, 467, 632, 640, 969-974, 1004, 1106; and Malcolm X, 1115; and Pan-Africanism, 701; and Washington, Booker T., 970 Gates, Daryl, 517, 548 Geary, John W., 135 George, David, 79 George, Walter, 888 Geronimo, 148 Gerry, Elbridge, 394 Gibson, Josh, 891 Giddings, Doras, 364 Ginsburg, Ruth Bader; and affirmative action, 23 Glazer, Nathan, 455, 458 Goetz, Bernhard, 1121 Goldman, Ronald, 814 Goldwater, Barry, 223 Gonzales, Pancho, 895 Goode, Mal, 574 Goode, Wilson, 622 Goodell, William, 853 Goodman, Andrew, 219-225, 263, 375, 472, 908 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 1119 Gordy, Berry, Jr., 1107 Gordy, Gwen, 1107 Gore, Al, 722 Gourdine, Meredith, 781 Grace, Charles Emmanuel “Sweet Daddy,” 1107 Granger, Lester B., 660, 912 Grant, Ulysses S., 240, 529, 759; and civil rights, 201 Graves, Earl, 1005, 1107 Green, Charles, 240 Greenberg, Jack, 645, 648 Griffith, D. W., 900 Grimké, Angelina, 8, 861 Grimké, Charlotte Forten, 240 Grimké, Sarah, 8, 861 Grovey, Richard Randolph, 876 Gumbel, Bryant, 574 Hale, John P., 491 Haley, Alex, 539, 767-768, 1107 Hall, Prince, 377-381 Hamer, Fannie Lou, 101, 1108 Hamilton, Alexander, 60, 707 Hammond, James Henry, 733 Hampton, Fred, 424-426 Hampton, Wade, 151, 717 Hannah, Marc, 780 Harding, Warren, 302 Harlan, John M., 271, 480, 764, 791 Harlins, Latasha, 434, 522 Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, 10 Harris, Bernard, 781 Harris, Fred R., 500 Harrison, Pat, 303 Harrison, Thomas, 704 Hart, Gary, 462 Hastie, William, 94, 1020 Hawkins, Yusuf, 441-442 Hayden, Lewis, 951 Hayes, George E. C., 645 Hayes, Rutherford B., 248-249, 717, 755, 1108 Henderson, Fletcher, 428 Henry, Aaron, 260 Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 437 Hill, Anita, 928-930, 1108, 1121 Hill, Larry, 176 Hilliard, Asa, 32 Hitler, Adolf, 1116 Holder, Eric, 1004 Holland, Spessard L., 942-943 Holmes, Oliver Wendell; Moore v. Dempsey, 619 Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr., 875 Hooker, John Lee, 628 Hooks, Benjamin, 574, 639, 1108 Hoover, Herbert, 1098 Hoover, J. Edgar, 127; and civil rights worker murders, 222; and urban rioting, 998 Hopkins, Pauline E., 541 Houser, George M., 481 Houston, Charles, 812 Howard, Oliver Otis, 1109 Howe, Julia Ward, 862, 927 Howe, Samuel Gridley, 437 Hughes, Charles Evans; Brown v. Mississippi, 144; Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada, 612; Norris v. Alabama, 688 Hughes, Henry, 734, 844 Hughes, Langston, 65, 403, 427, 431, 541, 1109 Hughes, Richard J., 678 Humphrey, Hubert H., 189, 965 Hunter, Robert, 671-672 Hurston, Zora Neale, 430, 543, 1114, 1123 Imes, Elmer Samuel, 780 Innis, Roy, 251, 1109 Ito, Judge Lance, 814 Jackson, Andrew; and Seminole Wars, 665 Jackson, Jesse, 474, 1109; and Chicago riots, 153; and Clinton, Bill, 754; and Democratic Party, 754; and Farrakhan, Louis, 464, 1105; and Korean Americans, 521; presidential candidacy, 461-466; and Rainbow Coalition, 753-754; and Reagan, Ronald, 462-463 Jackson, Jimmie Lee, 799 Jackson, Mahalia, 628 Jacob, John, 661 Jay, John, 60, 707 Jefferson, Thomas; and Northwest Ordinance, 694; and slavery, 61 Jeffries, Edward J., 744 Jemison, T. J., 881 Jenkins, Herbert, 746 Jenkins, Howard, 645 Jennings, Thomas L., 778 Johnson, Andrew, 103, 178, 218, 361, 1110; and civil rights, 200-201 756; impeachment of, 180, 926; and Reconstruction, 103, 106, 179-180, 357, 371, 714, 738, 755, 926; and Stevens, Thaddeus, 1121 Johnson, Andrew (student), 484 Johnson, Frank M., 801 Johnson, Jack, 894, 1110 Johnson, James Weldon, 1110 Johnson, John H., 571, 1111 Johnson, Lyndon B., 182, 1111; and affirmative action, 15, 71, 962; and civil rights, 189, 195, 343, 888; and Civil Rights Act of 1964, 191; and Kerner Commission, 499-506; and King, Martin Luther, Jr., 189; and Ku Klux Klan, 527; and Marshall, Thurgood, 567; and riots, 211, 676, 678, 751; and Selma-Montgomery march, 800-802; and Vietnam War, 981; and voting rights, 799, 985, 990 Johnston, Samuel, 383 Jones, Absalom, 26, 98, 363, 366, 1111 Jones, Elaine, 648 Jones, Jane Elizabeth, 10 Jones, LeRoi (Amiri Baraka), 1098 Jones, Quincy, 629 Joplin, Scott, 627 Jordan, Vernon E., Jr., 661, 1111 Joseph, Chief, 1109 Julian, Percy, 780 Just, Ernest, 780 Karenga, Ron, 114 Katzenbach, Nicholas, 985 Keith, George, 705 Kelly, Harry F., 744 Kennedy, Anthony M., 315, 728 Kennedy, John F., 1111; assassination of, 189, 562; and Birmingham March, 92-93; and civil rights, 183, 189, 332, 343, 444, 451, 499, 720, 910; and Malcolm X, 634; and Marshall, Thurgood, 648; and Meredith, James, 976 Kennedy, Robert F., 222, 1107, 1112; and civil rights, 499; and Meredith, James, 975 Kennedy, Ted, 217 Kenyatta, Jomo, 701 Kerner, Otto, 153, 500, 635, 746, 998 Key, Elizabeth, 870 King, Don, 1121 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 101, 209, 473, 616, 908, 912, 1112; assassination of, 196; and Birmingham March, 91-94; and Bond, Julian, 1099; and Gandhi, Mohandas K., 1106; “I Have a Dream” speech, 449-454, 509; and Johnson, Lyndon B., 189; “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” 92, 209, 450, 978; and Malcolm X, 799; and the media, 251; and Poor People’s March on Washington, 726; and Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, 411; and Vietnam War, 212, 981; and Watts riot 1001; and Young, Andrew, 1126 King, Rodney, 515-519, 522, 548, 752, 816, 1113 King, Rufus, 608 Koon, Stacey, 516, 549 Kozol, Jonathan, 457 Kunta Kinte, 767-768, 1107 Latimer, Lewis Henry, 779 Lawrence, Robert, 781 Leaphart, Vincent, 621 Lee, George, 261 Lee, Robert E., 301 Lee, Spike, 355, 1113 LeFlore, John, 742 Leibowitz, Samuel, 789 L’Enfant, Pierre, 777 Levison, Stanley, 881, 883 Lewis, John, 253 Lewis, Monroe, 240 Liele, George, 79 Lincoln, Abraham, 247, 862, 1113; assassination of, 926; and Civil War, 227, 298-302; Emancipation Proclamation, 323-326; and Reconstruction, 177; and slavery, 250, 323-326 Lincoln, C. Eric, 98 Lindsay, John V., 500 Liuzzo, Viola Lee, 527 Locke, Alain, 1114 Logan, James, 706 Lopez, Narcisco, 490 Louis, Joe, 894-895, 901 Lowery, Joseph E., 881, 1114 Lowry, Robert, 295 McCormick, Cyrus, 777 McCoy, Elijah, 778 McCullough, William M., 746 McDuffie, Arthur, 752 McKay, Claude, 427, 432, 467, 1004, 1114 McKissick, Floyd, 1115 McNair, Ronald, 781 McReynolds, James C., 728 Maddox, Alton, 270 Madikizela-Mandela, Winnie, 1094 Malcolm X, 121, 124, 129, 539, 559, 633, 1115; assassination of, 559-564, 1116; and civil rights, 190; and Farrakhan, Louis, 1105; and Haley, Alex, 1107; and Kennedy, John F., 634; and King, Martin Luther, Jr., 799; and the media, 562 Malone, Annie Turnbo, 779 Mamiya, Lawrence H., 98 Mandela, Nelson, 275 Manley, Norman, 701 Mann, Woodrow, 546, 774 Mansfield, Michael H., 942 Margold, Nathan, 771 Marrant, John, 379 Marshall, Thurgood, 13, 65, 641, 644, 771, 792, 812, 918, 1115; appointed to Supreme Court, 564-568; and Johnson, Lyndon B., 1111; retirement of, 928 Martinet, Louis, 709 Mary, Alexander A., 709 Mason, James, 388 Matney, William C., Jr., 574 Matthew, Wentworth Arthur, 115 May, Samuel, 42 Mays, Benjamin, 508 Mays, Willie, 901 Meagher, Timothy, 236 Meredith, James H., 129, 375, 646, 974-979, 1115 Mfume, Kweisi, 1093, 1095 Micheaux, Oscar, 353 Miller, Samuel F., 819 Mitchell, Arthur W., 718-719 Mitchell, Clarence, 195 Mitchell, Parren, 167 Mitchell, William H., 951 Monagas, Lionel, 573 Mondale, Walter F., 343, 462-465 Monroe, James, 610 Morley, Burton R., 742 Morrison, Toni, 542-543, 1116 Moses, Robert, 261 Motley, Constance Baker, 646, 1004 Mott, Lucretia, 8 Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 468, 623, 845 Muhammad, Elijah, 120, 539, 631-635, 1116; and Malcolm X, 559-564, 1115 Muhammad, Warith “Wallace,” 634 Murray, Anna, 689 Murray, Anna E., 241 Murrow, Edward R., 573 Nabrit, James M., Jr., 645 Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 701 Neville, Dinah, 704 Newton, Huey P., 121, 124, 132, 1116 Nixon, L. A., 875 Nixon, Richard M.; and Chisholm, Shirley, 165-166; and Congressional Black Caucus, 256, 721; and school desegregation, 40 Nkrumah, Kwame, 701, 1101, 1104 Norris, Isaac, 706 Nott, Josiah, 734, 829 Oglethorpe, James, 904 O’Neill, Eugene, 139, 1119 Owen, Robert Dale, 924 Owens, Jesse, 1116 Padmore, George, 701 Paige, Satchel, 891 Paine, Thomas, 707 Pánfilo de Narváez, 662 Parker, Theodore, 437 Parks, Rosa, 101, 209, 615-616, 1117 Patterson, Frederick D., 953, 1117 Patterson, Mary Jane, 241 Patterson, Orlando, 826, 845 Patterson, Robert B., 1007 Payne, Daniel Alexander, 1117 Payton, Philip A., Jr., 402 Peden, Katherine Graham, 746 Pemberton, Israel, 704 Pemberton, James, 704 Pennington, James, 655 Person, Waverly, 781 Peters, Brock, 354 Phillips, Wendell, 535, 832, 924 Pickering, William, 608 Picket, Bill, 268 Pierce, Franklin, 134, 490, 494 Pilmore, Joseph, 366 Pinchback, P. B. S., 716, 1014 Plessy, Homer Adolph, 709 Poitier, Sidney, 354, 1004 Powell, Adam Clayton, 130 Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 1117 Powell, Colin, 582, 1003, 1118; and Vietnam War, 982 Powell, Isaac, 781 Powell, James, 674 Powell, Laurence, 516 Powell, Lewis F., Jr., 19; Batson v. Kentucky, 90; McCleskey v. Kemp, 557 Price, Hugh, 661 Purvis, Robert, 951 Purvis, W. B., 779 Rainey, Ma, 431 Randolph, A. Philip, 139, 279-280, 341, 450, 587, 719, 912, 1118; and March on Washington movement, 1020 Rayburn, Sam, 888 Read, George, 383 Reagan, Ronald; and affirmative action, 22; and civil rights, 218, 957; and Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 339; and Haitians, 423; and Jackson, Jesse, 462-463; and Powell, Colin, 1118 Redding, Louis, 645 Reed, Ishmael, 543 Rehnquist, William H., 1019; Martin v. Wilks, 568; Moose Lodge v. Irvis, 620; Shaw v. Hunt, 809 Revels, Hiram R., 717, 926 Reynolds, Grant, 279 Reynolds, Humphrey, 779 Rice, Condoleezza, 1118-1119 Rice, Thomas D. “Big Daddy,” 476 Rickey, Branch, 82-90 Rillieux, Norbert, 778 Robb, Charles S., 1011 Roberts, Owen J., 876 Robeson, Paul, 572, 892, 1119 Robinson, Elizabeth, 8 Robinson, Jackie, 82-90, 892, 1024, 1119 Robinson, Spotswood W., III, 645 Rodgers, Jonathan, 574 Romney, George, 747 Roosevelt, Eleanor, 94 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 278, 341, 746, 1120; and Bethune, Mary McLeod, 1099; and black cabinet, 94; and Davis, Benjamin O., Sr., 1103; and the Depression, 35; desegregation of defense industries, 277-283; election of, 719; and military segregation 585; and World War II, 1020 Roosevelt, Theodore, 1124; and Brownsville incident, 145-146; in Spanish-American War, 149 Rush, Benjamin, 365, 704, 922 Russell, Richard B., 186, 942-944 Russwurm, John B., 571 Rustin, Bayard, 155, 450, 481-490, 881-882, 1120 Sacagawea, 664 Sackler, Howard, 1110 Sanborn, Franklin B., 437 Schwerner, Michael Henry, 219-225, 254, 263, 375, 472, 908 Scott, Dred, 783-786, 1120 Scott, Winfield, 490 Screvane, Paul, 676 Seale, Bobby, 121, 124, 1116, 1121 Sedgwick, Theodore, 383 Seymour, Horatio, 301 Shabazz, El-Hajj Malik El- (Malcolm X), 1115 Sharpe, John, 671 Sharpton, Al, 270, 1121 Shelton, Robert, 527 Shores family, 796 Shuttlesworth, Fred, 881 Simmons, William J., 525 Simpson, Nicole Brown, 814 Simpson, O. J., 768, 813-818 Smith, Barbara, 242 Smith, Bessie, 428, 431 Smith, Beverly, 242 Smith, Gerrit, 437, 692, 853 Smith, James McCune, 655 Smith, Lamar, 261 Soto, Hernando de, 662 Sowell, Thomas, 456, 468, 1002 Sparks, Chauncey, 742 Spingarn, Joel E., 638, 640 Stanton, Edwin McMasters, 300 Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 927 Stanton, Frederick P., 135 Stearns, George Luther, 437 Steele, Charles Kenzie, 881 Steele, Shelby, 848 Steinberg, Stephen, 468 Stephens, Alexander, 494 Stevens, Thaddeus, 1121 Stewart, Potter, 414, 480; Mobile v. Bolden, 613 Stokes, Carl B., 721 Stone, John M., 295 Stone, Lucy, 8, 10, 927 Stoneman, George, 739 Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 862 Stringfellow, Thornton, 733 Sumner, Charles, 201, 494 Sutherland, George; Powell v. Alabama, 728 Taft, William Howard, 1124 Taney, Roger Brooke, 417 Tapisco, Jacob, 26 Tappan, Arthur, 42, 535 Taylor, Zachary, 246 Temple, Lewis, 778 Terrell, Mary Church, 241 Thomas, Clarence, 14, 928-930, 1121; and affirmative action, 22, 929; and Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 339; and Hill, Anita, 1108 Thomas, Franklin, 1004 Thomas, J. B., 608 Thompson, William C., 163 Thornton, Charles B. (Tex), 746 Thurmond, Strom, 445, 720, 888 Tilden, Samuel J., 248 Till, Emmett, 554, 931-932, 1122 Toomer, Jean, 541 Toure, Kwame (Stokely Carmichael), 1101 Touré, Sékou, 1101 Townsend, Robert, 355 Trotter, William Monroe, 501, 637, 919 Truman, Harry S., 281, 1122; and civil rights, 455, 556, 585, 719, 729-731, 812, 1024, 1122; desegregation of military, 579, 587, 590 Trumbull, Lyman, 106 Truth, Sojourner, 11, 44, 862-863, 1122; and Douglass, Frederick, 11 Tubman, Harriet, 11, 44, 538, 863, 924, 950, 1122 Turner, Henry McNeal, 1123 Turner, Nat, 1123 Tustennuggee Emartha (Jim Boy), 664 Underwood, Oscar, 303 Van Buren, Martin, 49 Vassa, Gustavas, 537 Venable, James, 527 Villa, Pancho, 148 Vinson, Fred M., 142, 918 Wade, Wyn, 1008 Waite, Morrison R., 759 Walcott, Derek, 1004 Walker, Alice, 543, 1123 Walker, Madame C. J., 779 Wallace, George, 172, 800-801, 945, 991 Wallace, Henry, 588 Walthall, Edward C., 295 Ward, Samuel Ringgold, 367 Warmoth, Henry Clay, 717 Warren, Earl, 137, 208, 772, 1123; Brown v. Board of Education, 142 Washington, Booker T., 108, 316, 538, 639, 681, 919, 970, 1124; accommodationist program, 501; Atlanta Compromise, 67-70; and Du Bois, W. E. B., 1124; and Fortune, T. Thomas, 1106; and Garvey, Marcus, 970; and National Negro Business League, 306 Washington, George, 277, 377, 777; and slavery, 383-384, 950 Waters, Muddy, 628 Weaver, John D., 146 Weaver, Robert, 94 Webster, Daniel, 389 Wells, Benjamin, 26 Wells, James Madison, 739 Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 1124 West, Cornel, 471 Whatcoat, Richard, 363 Wheatley, Phillis, 540 Whipper, William, 951 White, Byron R.; Washington v. Davis, 996 White, Walter, 341, 585, 639, 744, 1022, 1125 White, William, 364 Whitfield, James H., 538 Whittier, John Greenleaf, 42 Wilder, L. Douglas, 1010-1017, 1125 Wilkins, Roy, 500, 639, 912, 1125 Williams, Eric, 701 Wilson, Lionel, 1116 Winfrey, Oprah, 574 Winthrop, John, 866 Wise, Henry A., 439-440 Woods, Granville, 779 Woods, Tiger, 896 Woodson, Carter G., 32, 1125 Wright, Fielding, 720 Wright, Richard, 430, 542, 1125 York, 663 Young, Andrew, 1015, 1126 Young, Whitney M., Jr., 661, 1126 |
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